1. Environmental Science Chapter 5 Notes #3

2. Water - Review - Renewable resource - constantly circulated by the water (hydrologic) cycle - 70% of Earth’s surface is water - very small fraction of water is available for our use - Water makes up 60-70 & percent of the weight of all living organisms  Surface Water  Dams/Rivers  Groundwater

3. Water- Review  Water Pollution  2 underlying causes Industrialization Industrialization Human population growth/explosion Human population growth/explosion  Solutions 1. Desalinization/Desalination 1. Desalinization/Desalination 2. Towing Water 2. Towing Water 3. Water Conservation 3. Water Conservation 4. Cleaning up polluted water 4. Cleaning up polluted water 5. Wastewater Treatment Plant 5. Wastewater Treatment Plant

4. Water - Review  Types of Pollution Point Pollution Point Pollution Nonpoint Pollution Nonpoint Pollution  Examples of Pollution Sources Pathogens, heavy metals, Chemicals (organic/ inorganic), Physical agents, Radioactive waste Pathogens, heavy metals, Chemicals (organic/ inorganic), Physical agents, Radioactive waste Artificial Eutrophication Artificial Eutrophication Biological Magnification Biological Magnification Thermal Pollution Thermal Pollution

5. Ocean Pollution  85% of ocean pollution comes from land activities Oil spills, major disasters Oil spills, major disasters Oil rigs, small leaks Oil rigs, small leaks Runoff from rivers Runoff from rivers Plastics, etc. Plastics, etc.

6. Ocean Pollution  Estuaries and coral reefs are the hardest hit by pollution  Repeat – most ocean pollution comes from coastal areas Get carried into oceans by rivers Get carried into oceans by rivers

7. Ocean Pollution  Ocean pollution prevention MARPOL MARPOL International convention for the prevention of pollution from shipsInternational convention for the prevention of pollution from ships Prohibits the discharge of oil and disposal or abandonment of plastics in ocean and coastal watersProhibits the discharge of oil and disposal or abandonment of plastics in ocean and coastal waters Helsinki Convention Helsinki Convention 120 nations supporting control of ocean pollution that is land based120 nations supporting control of ocean pollution that is land based

8. Ocean Pollution Law of the Sea Treaty Law of the Sea Treaty Ocean jurisdictionOcean jurisdiction 134 nations signed, the US did not134 nations signed, the US did not Details Details Coastal regions would own 22 km out from shorelineCoastal regions would own 22 km out from shoreline “territorial seas” “territorial seas” Out to 370 km is a nation’s “exclusive economic zone”Out to 370 km is a nation’s “exclusive economic zone” The nation has control over economic activity, environmental preservation, and research The nation has control over economic activity, environmental preservation, and research