1. Describe the difference between: An atom Element Molecule Compound What are organic compounds? What are inorganic compounds? Give examples of each. What are atoms made of?What are hydrocarbons? Give an example. Describe the two types of chemical bonds. What are the four major macromolecules?

2. What is the function of: Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Give examples of each What is cohesion? What are the 4 reasons water is a unique and special compound? Why is water resistant to temperature change? Why is ice less dense than liquid water? Describes waters chemical properties. Why is water called the universal solvent?

3. What are ions? What ions does water separate into? How does the water ions affect the acidity or alkalinity of a solution? What is a system according to your book? What are inputs/ outputs of a system? Why is defining the boundaries of a system difficult? What are: Energy inputs? Information inputs? Matter inputs? What is a feedback loop?Describe a negative feedback loop. Give an example.

4. Describe a positive feedback loop. Give an example. What are the three major Earth’s spheres? Describe the Geosphere and its parts. Describe the Biosphere. Describe the AtmosphereDescribe the hydrosphere

5. Describe how the “spheres” interact. Describe how convection currents work and how they affect the movement of the tectonic plates. Define the following: Earth’s crust Mantle Core (inner and outer) What are the tectonic plates? What is Pangea? What is the asthenosphere? Where is it located? How to landforms affect the climate?

6. What is deposition?How much of the earth is water? How much of that is salt water? fresh water? Describe the different types of tectonic plate boundaries. Describe how humans impact the water cycle. What are the greenhouse gases? Describe the greenhouse effect. What is the law of conservation of matter?

7. Define nutrients.Describe how human have impacted the phosphorus cycle. What are biogeochemical cycles? Describe how human have impacted the nitrogen cycle. Describe how human have impacted the carbon cycle. Describe the dead zone and how it is made.