1. Phylum Cnidaria Hydra, jellyfish, coral, & sea anemones

2. Phylum Cnidaria Examples? Sea anemones Sea anemones Corals Corals Sea Pen Sea Pen Sea Fan Sea Fan Sea Plume Sea Plume Hydra Hydra Jelly fish Jelly fish Portuguese Man o’ War Portuguese Man o’ War Box Jelly Fish Box Jelly Fish digestive cavity with no anus tentacles with nematocysts (toxic cells to trap prey) thick mesoglea, shallow marine CHARACTERISTICS

3. Body Structure Polymorphism = more than one body form more than one body form 1. Polyp 2. Medusa

4. Polyp Tube with tentacles Tube with tentacles around the mouth around the mouth Sessile Sessile Coral polyp

5. Polyp (sea anemone)

6. Polyp (Hydra)

7. Medusa Umbrella shape Umbrella shape Tentacles around mouth Tentacles around mouth Motile, Free-swimming Motile, Free-swimming

8. Tentacles Have nematocysts Have nematocysts (stinging (stinging cells) cells) Coiled thread discharges Coiled thread discharges like a harpoon like a harpoon Contains neurotoxin Contains neurotoxin Paralyzes prey Paralyzes prey Discharged nematocyst

10. Level of Organization Tissue No organs

11. Symmetry Compass jellyfish Radial

12. Habitat Aquatic Most Marine Few fresh-water

13. Feeding Carnivores (predators) (predators) Process of feeding –Tentacles sting prey with nematocysts nematocysts –Tentacles grab prey –Prey pulled into mouth Lion’s mane eats another jelly

14. Process of feeding Prey stuffed into gastro-vascular cavity (GVC)* Prey stuffed into gastro-vascular cavity (GVC)* GVC makes enzymes, extra- cellular digestion GVC makes enzymes, extra- cellular digestion Undigested food back out mouth Undigested food back out mouth *incomplete digestive tract (no anus)

15. Lion’s mane jellyfish eating

16. Respiration Via diffusion Via diffusion Body is two cell layers Body is two cell layers thick thick

17. Internal Transport Via diffusion

18. Excretion Via diffusion Via diffusion

19. Response No cephalization or nervous system No cephalization or nervous system Nerve net around mouth Nerve net around mouth

20. Response Sensory cells Chemoreceptors (chemicals) Chemoreceptors (chemicals) Thigmoreceptors (touch) Thigmoreceptors (touch) Photoreceptors (light) Photoreceptors (light) –Ocelli (eyespots) Statocysts (balance) Statocysts (balance)

21. Locomotion Medusa motile, free-swimming Medusa motile, free-swimming Polyps sessile Polyps sessileExceptions: Hydra tumbles on tentacles Hydra tumbles on tentacles Sea anemones glide on pedal disc Sea anemones glide on pedal disc

22. Reproduction Asexual Asexual budding from polyps or medusae budding from polyps or medusae Sexual Sexual Medusae release sperm & eggs Medusae release sperm & eggs Some monoecious, some dioecious Some monoecious, some dioecious Larvae free-swimming Larvae free-swimming

23. Ecological Role Predators and prey Predators and prey Neurotoxins in medical research Neurotoxins in medical research Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!) Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!) Coral reefs - habitat for many Coral reefs - habitat for many great biodiversity great biodiversity protect coastline protect coastline Symbiosis with other organisms Symbiosis with other organisms

24. Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones ~ Class Anthozoa: Sea Anemones ~thick polyp, no medusa stage

25. Sea Anemones (with sea urchins)

26. Sea Anemones Clown fish with sea anemone

27. Clown fish & eggs with sea anemone

28. Clown fish with sea anemone

29. Giant Sea Anemone

30. Rosy Sea Anemone

31. Class Anthozoa: Corals ~ Class Anthozoa: Corals ~small polyps secrete calcium cup

32. Brain Coral

33. CORALCORALCORALCORAL

34. Colt Coral

35. Elkhorn Coral

36. Cabbage Coral

37. Flower Coral

38. Feather Coral

39. Gorgonian Fan Coral

40. Lamellina Coral

41. Sun Coral

42. Subergorgia Coral

43. Soft Coral

44. Sea Pen

45. SeaFanSeaFanSeaFanSeaFan

46. Sea Plume

47. Class Hydrozoa: Class Hydrozoa: - colony of polyps or small medusa (round gonads) - Portuguese Man-of-war (gas-filled float) Green Hydra

48. Hydra

49. Brown Hydra with buds

50. Brown Hydra eating

51. Hydra eating Daphnia Hydra eats Daphnia Hydra eats Daphnia Hydra eats Daphnia Hydra eats Daphnia

52. Class Scyphozoa: True Jellyfish Fried egg jelly - polyps during larval stage - large medusa in adults

53. Jellyfish

54. Jellyfish Red-eyed medusa

55. Jellyfish

56. Jellyfish

57. Jellyfish Lion’s mane

58. Jellyfish Purple lion’s mane

59. Upside down Jelly fish

61. Sea Nettle

62. Jelly and diver

63. Giant Jelly off Coast of Japan

64. Beached Jelly fish

66. Jelly fish Humor

67. Portuguese Man 0’ War (a Hydrozoan), NOT a true jelly fish

68. Portuguese Man 0’ War Tentacles of Physalia physalis

69. Portuguese Man o’ War vs. Box Jelly fish

70. Class Cubozoa: Box Jellyfish

71. Chironex fleckeri the Box jelly fish