1. Chapter 71 Béla Bartók and Hungarian Folk Music

2. Lecture Overview The Austro Hungarian Empire before World War I Hungarian peasant music –“Fekete főd” Béla Bartók: –life and works –folk song arrrangements: “Fekete főd” –Concerto for Orchestra, movement 1 Zoltán Kodály and music education Review

3. The Life of Béla Bartók (1881–1945) 1881 born in a small farming village near the Hungarian- Romanian border grows up in Pozsony, near Vienna 1899 enters the Music Academy in Budapest 1901 begins to tour as a professional pianist 1904 discovers the simple folk songs of Hungarian peasants 1907 appointed professor of piano at the Budapest Academy 1940 emigrates to America, lives in New York 1943 composes the Concerto for Orchestra 1945 dies in New York

4. The Austro-Hungarian Empire Before 1914 The Austro-Hungarian Empire—made up of lands ruled by the Hapsburg kings—existed between 1867 and 1918. It was divided loosely into two parts: the western third was Austria, in a broad sense, with its capital in Vienna. The larger eastern part was Hungary, its capital in Budapest. Both parts spread over other nations—each with its own language and history—that were striving for independence. The Empire disintegrated during World War I, leaving both Austria and Hungary as small independent countries.

5. Principal Compositions by Béla Bartók Opera and ballets: include –Duke Bluebeard’s Castle (opera) –The Miraculous Mandarin (ballet) Orchestra: includes concertos (2 for violin, 3 for piano), Concerto for Orchestra, Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta Chorus: arrangements, Cantata profana Chamber music: string quartets (6), Contrasts (violin, clarinet, piano), Sonatas for violin (2) Piano: Sonata, character pieces, arrangements, pedagogical works (including Mikrokosmos) Songs: mostly folk song arrangements

6. Features of Old Hungarian Peasant Songs in “Fekete főd” strophic form each line has same number of syllables (here 11) melody is purely pentatonic (here E G A B D) rhythm is free from beat and chantlike (“parlando- rubato”) downward leap of fourth at final cadence

7. Béla Bartók, Concerto for Orchestra, 1943, movement 1 Sonata form

8. Review Key Terms Zoltán Kodály “popular art music” parlando-rubato rhythmic style cimbalom Golden Section pentatonic