1. VACCINE MATCHING AND GENETIC CHARACTERISATION OF FMDV SEROTYPE O AND A ISOLATES IN SOUTH-EAST ASIA
Singanallur, Nagendrakumar1; Seeyo, Kingkarn2; Bowden, Timothy1; Thongtha, Panithan2; Samanit, Janya2; Kamolsiripichaiporn, Somjai2 & Vosloo, Wilna1
1CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
2OIE-Regional Reference Laboratory for FMD in SEA, Pakchong, Nakhonratchasima 30130, Thailand
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY
GFRA 2015, Hanoi, Vietnam; September 22, 2015

2. FMD & Australia
Minor outbreaks of possible FMD: , 1804, 1871 and 1872
Pre- and post border controls are essential
Up-to-date vaccine/antigen bank ?
Disease hotspots
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

3. FMD in South East Asia
FMD is endemic in most SEA countries with the exception of
Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia (Sarawak/Sabah regions) and Singapore
Major direct impact on livelihoods of farmers and impediment for access to international markets
Factors driving epidemics are not always clear
poor quality vaccines, inability to perform blanket vaccination, extensive transboundary animal movement and lack of financial support for effective control programs in different countries
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

4. AAHL’s activities in SEA
AAHL through its overseas program actively engages with member countries in the SEA with support from OIE and FAO
FMD-RMP’s aim is to collaborate with RRL, Pakchong in the area of vaccine matching and take part in studying the epidemiology of the disease
Most of the countries in the region, except Thailand, use commercial vaccines that are also present in antigen banks
It is therefore essential to compare the field isolates with the vaccine strains in the vaccine banks along with the vaccine strains used in Thailand
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

5. Antigen matching studies in collaboration with RRL Pakchong - LPBE
Bovine vaccinate serum
O1 Manisa
O TAI/187/87 Udorn Thani (Thai vaccine strain)
A22 Iraq 64
A MAY 97
A TAI/2012 Lopburi (Thai vaccine strain)
Homologous reagents
Field isolates from Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Cambodia
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

6. Antigenic relationship of SEA isolates with O1 Manisa
O LAO 13/12 O TAI 30/13
O TAI 28/13 O TAI 94/1/14
Homologous
(Good Match)
O LAO 11/12 O TAI 36/13 O TAI 42-2/14
O TAI 125/14 O TAI 164/14 O TAI 19/15
Intermediary
(Poor Match)
O LAO 10/12 O LAO 19/12 O LAO 21/12 O CAM 1/12
O CAM 4/12 O LAO 18/12 O LAO 14/12 O LAO 20/12
O TAI 29/12 O TAI 2/13 O TAI 27/13 O TAI 33/13
O TAI 38/13 O TAI 44/13 O TAI 51/13 O TAI 35/13
O TAI 42/3/14 O TAI 69/1/14 O TAI 123/1/14 O TAI 145/14
O TAI 154/14 O TAI 148/2/14 O TAI 49/1/14 O TAI 146/14 O TAI 10/1/15 O TAI 11/2015 O TAI 13/1/15 O TAI 15/1/15
O TAI 17/15 O LAO 2/15 O LAO 3/15
Heterologous
(No Match)
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

7. Results of vaccine matching for isolates collected during the period 2011–2015 against serotype O vaccines
<0.2 – Heterologous; – Intermediary; >0.39 – Homologous (Samuels et al 1990)
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

8. Phylogenetic tree representing all topotypes and lineages of serotype O with special emphasis on SEA
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

9. Analysis of B cell epitope regions in VP1 protein – Site 3 Comparison with serotype O vaccine strains
Aktas & Samuel, 2000
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

10. Analysis of B cell epitope regions in VP1 protein – Site 1 Comparison with serotype O vaccine strains
Aktas & Samuel, 2000
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

11. Analysis of B cell epitope regions in VP1 protein – Site 5 Comparison with serotype O vaccine strains
Aktas & Samuel, 2000
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

12. Results of vaccine matching for isolates collected during the period 2011–2015 against the serotype A vaccine strains (A22 IRQ 64, A MAY 97 and A TAI 2012)
<0.2 – Heterologous; – Intermediary; >0.39 – Homologous; Samuels et al 1990
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

13. Results of vaccine matching for isolates collected during the period 2011–2015 against the serotype A vaccine strains (A22 IRQ 64, A MAY 97 and A TAI 2012)
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

14. Phylogenetic tree representing all topotypes and lineages of serotype A with special emphasis on SEA
2014
2015
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

15. Analysis of B cell epitopes in the VP1 protein – Site 3 Comparison with serotype A vaccine strains
Baxt et al 1989
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

16. Analysis of B cell epitopes in the VP1 protein – Site 1 Comparison with serotype A vaccine strains
Baxt et al 1989
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

17. Analysis of B cell epitopes in the VP1 protein – Site 5 Comparison with serotype A vaccine strains
Baxt et al 1989
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

18. Summary
Most of the viruses studied are homologous to the serotype O and A vaccine strains used in Thailand
Major changes noticed in the B-cell epitopes in the VP1 region – driven by vaccine pressure (?)
Serotype O
O1 Manisa has a poor match with the isolates from SEA
Two sub-lineages of O Mya-98 identified in SEA since 2010
PanAsia1 also in circulation
Studies with O-3039 ongoing
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

19. Summary
Serotype A
Three different variants of SEA-97 genotype identified
2014 & 2015 strains are divided into two sub-lineages
Varying degrees of homology noticed against the different vaccine strains
Isolates collected between were heterologous to A MAY 97
The current isolates ( ) are intermediary or heterologous to A22 IRQ 64 and homologous to intermediary to A MAY 97
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

20. Surveillance: it’s what we don’t know that matters!
Continual monitoring of evolving strains in the SE Asia region, and their antigenic profile, is essential for preparedness, including maintaining the relevance of vaccine banks
Samples received by
SEA National labs & the OIE-RRL (Pakchong)
Potential threats currently not investigated
I have moved this one slide up.
‘’Dark matter’’
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

21. Problems with sample flow into RRL, Thailand
Bottle necks
Remote areas
Lack of financial support
Real-time surveillance
Storage and buffers
Need to identify alternative sample transport methods
Circumvent sample transportation buffer
Circumvent cold storage
Filter paper cards
Lateral Flow Devices
Use of dry sample boxes (IATA approved)
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

22. Conclusions Vaccine matching studies using O-3039 to be fast-tracked
Continued monitoring of serotype A essential
Reagents for multiple vaccine strains in the region need to be organised
Sample collection and transport methods need to be revisited to increase the surveillance for the disease
CSIRO - HEALTH & BIOSECURITY |AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL HEALTH LABORATORY

23. Thank you
Funding provided by: Meat and Livestock Australia and livestock industries: CCA Inc, ADF, ALFA, SCA, WPA, APL, GICA
FMD Risk Management Project
Australian Animal Health Laboratory
Health and Biosecurity t e w
Collaboration with RRL, Packchong
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