1. International Security and Peace Causes of War: Levels of Analysis Prof. Jaechun Kim

2. Outbreak of WWII Outbreak of WWII In 1933 in Germany Adolf Hitler came into power… In 1933 in Germany Adolf Hitler came into power… In 1936 Hitler remilitarized Rhineland… In 1936 Hitler remilitarized Rhineland… 1938, Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia… 1938, Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia… On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland… On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland… Britain and France declared the war on Germany… Britain and France declared the war on Germany… Why did the WWII broke out? Why did the WWII broke out?

3. CAUSES OF WAR LEVELS OF ANALYSIS Kenneth Waltz, Man, the State, and War Three levels of analysis or three images… Three Levels of Analysis First Level Importance of “Individual Decision Makers” Bad decision makers make wars… “ The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly…” Hitler, Hussein, Kim Jong-il… Perceptions and Misperceptions Robert Jervis, Perceptions and Misperceptions in World Politics Understand how decision-makers think ! Decision-makers are responsible…

4. Second Level Internal Makeup of State and Domestic Politics Democratic Peace Theory Socialist Theory of War Lenin’s theory of imperial war… Capitalists states wage imperial wars! Diversionary Use of War “Rally-around-the -flag effect” of war Look inside the states! State structures or domestic political processes!!

5. Third Level Structural Characteristics of International System Minimize the importance of 1 st and 2 nd level variables… Neorealism (Structural realism) Balance of Power Theory Bipolarity (Waltz, Mearsheimer), Unipolarity (Hegemonic Stability Theory) Multipolarity? Maintaining BOP is important! Interdependence School of Liberalists (Keohane, Nye)

6. Some Caveats All levels are important to analyzing every war?? Different theories within one level of analysis … RealismLiberalism 3 rd level BOP theory Interdependence 2 nd level 1 st level