1. On track, on time, online, onboard Abu Saeed Khan abu@lirneasia.net Expert Consultation on Socio-Economic Developments and Programme Priorities. 8 December 2015, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

2. Technology is democratizing air travel Source: Emirates’ response to claims raised about state-owned airlines in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. June 29, 2015. Migrant workers White-collared migrants

3. Over 2/3 population of the world lives within 8 hours flight from Dubai 1/3 lives within 4 hours Source: Emirates’ response to claims raised about state-owned airlines in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. June 29, 2015. This is how an airline views its market

4. This is how a train company views its domestic market Source: WANG Jiayu, Deputy Director-General, National Railway Administration, P.R. China at the 1st Meeting of the CAREC Railway Working Group, 24–26 November 2015 Tokyo, Japan.

5. This is how a train company views its market beyond borders Source: WANG Jiayu, Deputy Director-General, National Railway Administration, P.R. China at the 1st Meeting of the CAREC Railway Working Group, 24–26 November 2015 Tokyo, Japan.

6. The longest railways in the world “In Kazakhstan alone, China has invested $40 billion in road and rail projects to improve routes through the country.”* Map: Business InsiderBusiness Insider *China’s One Belt, One Road strategy takes to the airChina’s One Belt, One Road strategy takes to the air

7. Yesterday’s main route becomes today’s alternative Source: Nurbek Kabizhan, Head of Department of Railway Transport, Ministry for investments and development, Republic of Kazakhstan. November 2015.

8. Traffic decides the route Source: Nurbek Kabizhan, Head of Department of Railway Transport, Ministry for investments and development, Republic of Kazakhstan. November 2015.

9. Co-organized and sponsored by the Asian Development Bank Institute and the Asian Development Bank. Supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan, Japan International Cooperation Agency, the World Bank, International Union of Railways, Organisation for Cooperation in Railways, International Federation of Freight Forwarders Association, East Japan Railway Company, and Japan Freight Railway Company.

10. Top agenda: Border crossing point issues Source: CAREC RWG first meeting, November 2015. ICT in BCP

11. Trading across borders in NCA: Importing is easier than exporting ArmeniaGeorgiaKyrgyzstanAzerbaijanKazakhstanTajikistanUzbekistanRussia Rank (lower is better)29788394122132159170 Time to export (hours)10695677313144338153.8 Time to import (hours)1045787992237287154 Cost to export$521$1,043$785$1,175$1,285$1,076$1,635$2,369 Cost to import$471$1,060$792$1,023$1,595$916$628$2,369 Longer time to export Costs more to export Source: “Doing Business 2016.” The World Bank. This report has not covered Turkmenistan.“Doing Business 2016.”

12. DHL multimodal Asia-Europe service China-Europe Rail Routes: 1.Zhengzhou-Hamburg (10,214 km in 17 days) 2.Suzhou-Warsaw (11,070 km in 14 days) 3.Chengdu-Lodz (9,862 km in 14 days) Sea-Rail: From ports in Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe and Hakata to Shanghai Port to further connect into the existing China rail connections to Europe Road: Extensive cargo pickup within China to rail departure points at Zhengzhou, Suzhou and Chengdu.

13. Consequence: “China-Europe rail has air cargo in the crosshairs.” Airlines flying cargo between China and Europe will be hit hardest by Beijing’s One Belt, One Road trade strategy as the land bridge rail route proves too attractively priced to ignore, believes Steve Flowers, head of global freight forwarding at UPS. “Transportation managers will likely have a hard time passing on the opportunity to reduce transport costs up to 65 percent while not having to endure the 40 days-in-transit typical for ocean service,” Flowers told JOC.com.Flowers told JOC.com.

14. 8,700 km Diverse Route for European and Asian Markets (DREAM) was launched October 17, 2013

15. Madrid-Hong Kong-Los Angeles

16. How data traffic flows across Central Asia Source: Jim Cowie, Dyn Research, 10 December 2014.

17. Central Asia to Europe via Russia Most of the data traffic heads through Moscow en route to Frankfurt, London, Stockholm. Southern routes through Ukraine are also available (for the moment). Source: Jim Cowie, Dyn Research, 10 December 2014.

18. Data Center + Cloud = The game changers

19. Sino-Russian private JV is building $355m Data Center in Irkutsk, Siberia An initial $55 million facility with 1,800 computer racks is set to be built by 2018. The project is set to be extended by 8,000 racks by 2024, requiring extra $300 million. - Bloomberg, September 3, 2015.

20. Armenia calling: July 17, 2008 The license will grant the right to own and operate a telecommunications network in the territory of the Republic of Armenia, and provide any type of telecommunications services including GSM services, 3G and any other voice or data services, subject to the applicable laws and regulations. Any local or foreign company may participate in the tender, subject to pre-qualification requirements.

21. Terrestrial link Submarine cable Infrastructure dictates bandwidth price

22. AP-IS follows the highway across this continent

23. Railway is also embedded in AP-IS

24. Thanks for your attention.