1. Welcome Your (other) Higher Geography Teacher: Miss Filshie

2. Higher Geography 19/08/2010 The course is split in to different units: Physical Human Environmental Interactions/Applications There are two Higher exam papers. Paper 1 – Core Geography (Human and Physical - 8 units) Paper 2 – Environmental Interactions/Applications – 2 units (applying your knowledge and understanding alongside case study information).

3. The following units are studied at Higher : Lithosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Atmosphere Rural Rural Land Resources PHYSICAL CORE HUMAN CORE ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS Population Industry Urban Development and health Urban Change management Rural Land Degradation River Basin Management European inequalities

4. Three compulsory internal assessments: Each 45 mins in length PHYSICAL CORE Core(20)+(20)+GMT (10) HUMAN CORE Core(20)+(20)+GMT (10) ENVIRONMENTAL (50) INTERACTIONS Internal pass mark = 50 % ONE Re-sit allowed Overall award cannot be given if any one assessment is failed.

5. CORE paper 1 (1h30m) INTERACTIONS paper 2 (1h15m) SECTION A 4 Compulsory Questions (16,18,20 mks) 2 physical cores 2 Human cores Rural Land Resources Rural Land Degradation Development and Health SECTION B 1 Physical from 2 (14mks) Total = 200 marks SECTION C 1 Human from 2 (14mks) 100 marks Urban Change European Inequalities Development and Health 100 marks +

6. Expectations: Higher is a huge commitment / massive step up from S.G. There is a shared responsibility between teacher and you Timekeeping and attendance Homework (class work / formal / reading) Organisation (jotter/folder for notes) Behaviour Extra support (books / supported study etc.)

7. This core has 4 main topics: 2. Coastal landscapes 1. Glaciated landscapes 4. Mass Movements, e.g. landslides 3. Limestone landscapes Image from FreeFoto.com

8. The Hydrosphere core studies the following ‘water’ topics 1. The hydrological cycle (water cycle) 2. The Water budget (areas of surplus and deficit) 7. O.S. Mapwork on rivers. 3. River Basin systems (throughflow, run-off) 4. Stream Hydrographs 5. River processes (erosion, transport, deposition) 6. River landforms and their formation Image from FreeFoto.com

9. This core looks at the following topics: 1. Types of soil Podsols,Brown Earths and Gleys 2. Vegetation succession 3. Psammoseres vegetation development - sand dunes

10. There are 5 main topics to know and understand in this core 1. Global Heat budget (vertical energy transfers between Earth and space) 2. Global Heat budget (horizontal energy transfers between the latitudes) 3. Atmospheric circulation (global wind patterns) 4.Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in Africa 5. Reasons for climatic change, e.g. greenhouse effect Image from FreeFoto.com

11. RURAL Land Resources Development and Health

12. This application studies World Development + Health issues. Topics studied are: How is development measured? Development within countries Health issues in the Less developed countries (LDC’s) Development between countries Disease Problems of measuring development Malaria CholeraPrimary Health Care

13. This application studies the impact of humans in some of the most environmentally sensitive areas in the UK. Topics studied are: Physical characteristics of these landscapes Economic and Social opportunities in these areas Impact of EU / UK Policies in Rural Areas Environmental problems / conflicts in an upland and coastal area Limestone Physical / human factors involved in evolution of these landscapes CoastalGlaciated

14. Glaciated Uplands Recap... Mind map: Glaciated Uplands

15. These occur at high altitudes, latitudes nearer the poles and often on the colder, north-facing slopes. Glaciers form in areas of permanent snow called snowfields.

16.  As more snow falls the pressure makes the earlier snowflakes melt.  Repeated melting and re-freezing forms granules called firn or névé.  Further compression forms larger crystals of glacial ice.  It can take 30 to 40 years for snow to form dense glacial ice.  It now moves downslope under its own weight.

17. Despite being hard and solid, glacier ice flows because of:  internal deformation - individual ice crystals within a glacier deform and slide across one another.  basal sliding - meltwater at the base of the glacier lubricates the ice causing it to slide.

19. Glacier system Inputs and Outputs Terminology! –Using the core textbook pages 94-95 find the following words and write a definition in your jotter. Snow line= Firn= Zone of accumulation= Zone of ablation= Glacial budget=