1. Status of AMDAR Implementation in Japan, Forecast Department, Japan Meteorological Agency Prepared for APSDEU-6 Seoul, Korea, 1 June 2005

2. History of AMDAR in JMA 1992 ～ : ASDAR collection via GMS and dissemination via GTS. mid 1990’s :Started contact with airlines, and many impact studies performed with off-line ACARS data. 2002 : Agreement with JAL for experimental on-line use of ACARS. 2003 : Agreement with ANA. Aug 2004 : Started dissemination via GTS in FM42 form. Mar 2006 : Planned to disseminate in BUFR form.

3. Available Data Coverage: Within the reach of VHF data link mainly in Japan. Data collection strategy: - For flight operation of each airline. - Ascent, descent data are collected by one airline. - QNH correction <= 14,000ft DES JP9Z4UU5 2620N 12802E 050239 F/// PS090 235/013 TB/ S031 333 F100 VG///=

4. System Overview

5. Current AMDAR Encoding ACARS Met. Data Receiver MSSMSS MSSMSS GTSGTS GTSGTS ACARS to AMDAR Conversion Elimination Filter Elimination List ACARS Data Link Provider ACARS Data Link Provider JMA NAPSNAPS NAPSNAPS

6. BUFR Encoding (Plan ) GTSGTS GTSGTS JMA QNH ACARS Met. Data Processor MSS ACARS Data Link Provider ACARS Data Link Provider Civil Aviation Bureau Civil Aviation Bureau Height Correction (Height to Pressure Level) Height Correction (Height to Pressure Level) BUFR Encoder Elimination Filter BUFR Encoder Elimination Filter METAR Elimination List Decoder NAPSNAPS NAPSNAPS

7. Impact to NWP Greatest impact to the JMA Mesoscale model (MSM): -( J-AMDAR coverage / Model domain ) is large. - Hourly data can be fully ingested to 4D- variational analysis.

8. Data coverage for MSM - Radar/AMeDAS rain rate is also assimilated into MSM

9. Diurnal change of data coverage for MSM DAYNIGHT 00UTC 06UTC 12UTC 18UTC

10. Daily error sequence on upper air wind ( FL210 – FL450) Mesoscale model (00UTC initial), vs ACARS Start using ACARS Lines indicate errors averaged over 25days before and after Aug 26. Dots indicate daily errors Month/day in 2002

11. Statistical verification on upper wind forecast Comparison between Sep-Oct (with ACARS) and Apr-May (w/o ACARS) Mesoscale Model 250hPa wind forecast error vs radiosonde Error reduction was small for 18UTC initial （ ACARS not available ） indicates forecast from 18UTC (03 Local time) initial

12. With ACARS w/o ACARS Oct 21, 2002 00UTC initial T=3 MOD CAT 図３

13. New product: hourly wind analysis 3D-OI based on Mesoscale model with ACARS, Wind profiler, Doppler Radar.

14. Data monitoring of AMDAR for GSM 13 APR 2005 - 24 MAY 2005 Decoded Used Rejected Decoded Used Rejected CYCLE ANALYSIS EARLY ANALYSIS - Used data are about 20% of decoded data due to thinning - Very few data rejected in the assimilation system imply the data quality is excellent

15. AMDAR as verification data for GSM MEAN: 0.5K, RMSE: 1.6K for APR 2004 MEAN: 0.2K, RMSE: 1.5K for APR 2005 Better consistency between AMDAR observation and first guess implies improvement of model performance.

16. Thank you!