1. Science Consultants Report

2. Ryan Boodee Nguyen Le Ying Zhang Jack Dai Andy Liu

3.  Provide a critical piece of information for your decision-making process by running your proposed wedges through our carbon cycle model to provide you with information on how your policy changes the expected amount of carbon in the atmosphere.  Address all other modeling-related concerns.

4. To view model files, you must have STELLA on your computer. You can find STELLA on Moodle on the software page.

5.  There are three sectors for carbon emissions.  Commercial(-c-)  Residential(-r-)  Transportation(-t-)  Each Sector is divided into:  Fraction of power supplied by coal/oil/hydro/etc.  (Fcc)- Fraction of commercial power supplied by coal  Efficiency of power generation with coal/oil/etc.  (Efro)- Efficiency of residential power generation with oil

6.  What we want in a request:  Your proposed wedges expressed as numerically as possible.  i.e. 30% increase use of oil, 20% decrease use of nuclear  What we don’t want in a request:  Your wedges, the Sparknotes version  i.e. Increase use of nuclear power.  We absolutely need to know how much in order to complete your model request.

7.  The model is not sophisticated enough to take into account every nation. The simulation of proposed wedges is run on a model-defined default nation, and all results are based on changes to the default nation.  In layman’s terms, the simulation is not run on your country. It is run on an imaginary country defined by the model itself.  If you are not satisfied with running your simulation on the imaginary country, please provide all the parameters required by the model for your country. Our personnel will be more than happy to discuss this process with you in greater detail on a case-by-case basis.

8.  Please request your models in the Discussion of the Modeling and IT section of the Wikispaces page.  Each model request should have its own thread. Do NOT request a model in someone else’s thread. We look forward to working with you. Kkthxbai

9. HOW TO USE THE ENERGY WEDGE GUIDANCE TOOLS

10.  Broken down into four general groups:  Efficiency  Buildings, vehicles, etc.  De-carbonization of Power  Baseload Carbon Capture  Wind Power  De-carbonization of Fuel  Wind H2 in Fuel Cell Cars  Biomass Fuel  Forests and Agricultural soils  Reforestation, reduce deforestation

11.  Demo Step by Step:  http://2009summit.wikispaces.com/ http://2009summit.wikispaces.com/

12.  Each section is divided up into general regions, so just pick your region, narrow it down to your country, and apply the wedge

13. black carbon has emerged as an important No. 2 pollutant responsible for warming Responsible for 18 percent of the planet’s warming, compared with 40 percent for carbon dioxide. Decreasing black carbon emissions would be a relatively cheap way to significantly rein in global warming — especially in the short term Replacing primitive cooking stoves with modern versions that emit far less soot could provide a much-needed stopgap

14. CONSIDER THE FUTURE WHEN NEGOTIATING WEDGE AGREEMENTS

15. PhenomenaLikelihood of trend Contraction of snow cover areas Increased thaw in permafrost regions Decrease in sea ice extent Virtually certain Increased frequency of hot extremes heat waves and heavy precipitation Very likely to occur Increase in tropical cyclone intensityLikely to occur Precipitation increases in high latitudesVery likely to occur Precipitation decreases in subtropical land regionsVery likely to occur Decreased water resources in many semi-arid areas including western U.S. and Mediterranean basin High confidence Global Climate Change: General Future Trends Definitions of likelihood ranges used to express the assessed probability of occurrence: virtually certain >99%, very likely >90%, likely >66%.

16. KEY CHALLENGES FROM CLIMATE CHANGE Environmental Health  Extreme weather and  Sea level rise – salinization of coastal water systems, flooding  Environmental degradation – land, coastal ecosystems, extinctions, fisheries collapse and loss of productivity Human Health  Forced population displacements - due to weather, flooding, water supply and coastal changes  Thermal stress – cyclones, bush fires and effects of food supplies  Disease - Microbial Proliferation and  Changes in host-vector relationships and in infectious disease ranges  Impaired food production

17. SHARING THE BURDEN AND THE REWARDS

18.  Under Kyoto Protocol  Complete a Project Cycle to be certified as a CDM  Link between developed and developing countries: Pollution Outsourcing  Helps developing countries get on the right track, allows developed countries to meet emission requirements without compromising industry

19.  Africa  Coal power versus carbon capture, reforestation, photovoltaic cells  Several European countries investing in developing countries  United Kingdom  42 biomass projects in Malaysia, China, India, Thailand, and Brazil  In addition, 59 wind power, 39 gas and heat  North America  Pollution mitigation, energy industries  Nuclear power, eliminate deforestation, research

20.  Low-tech versus high-tech  Planting trees (currently excluded from Kyoto)  Composting  Ventilation Air Methane Combustion System  Hydropower Projects

21. http://www.ren21.net/pdf/virtual_lib_local/CDM-EE-Netz.pdf