1. Confused words it's = it is or it has (It's dinner time = It is dinner time.) its = belonging to it (The dog chased its tail. - similar to his or her) I think its/it’s a shame that the team has lost its/it’s form. Its/It’s not long since it was at the top of its/it’s league. Personally I think its/it’s the fault of the manager. I know he gave the team its/it’s attacking image but that's no good with a defence like its/it’s got. Its/It’s a crying shame to have the backs so far up the field. Its/It’s no help to the goalkeeper. Even the pitch has lost its/it’s true surface since he came. Now the ball bounces all over the place as though its/it’s a ping-pong ball.

2. Confused words it's = it is or it has (It's dinner time = It is dinner time.) its = belonging to it (The dog chased its tail. - similar to his or her) I think it’s a shame that the team has lost its form. It’s not long since it was at the top of its league. Personally I think it’s the fault of the manager. I know he gave the team its attacking image but that's no good with a defence like it’s got. It’s a crying shame to have the backs so far up the field. It’s no help to the goalkeeper. Even the pitch has lost its true surface since he came. Now the ball bounces all over the place as though it’s a ping-pong ball.

3. you're = you are (You're a hero. = You are a hero.) your = belonging to you (Here's your medal) When you’re/your young it's not easy to know you’re/your own mind. At school you’re/your expected to know all the answers in you’re/your subjects. The teachers don't realise that you’re/your not as experienced as they are. They say that you’re/your careless and things like that when you’re/your not at all. Then they mark you’re/your work with comments like "Must try harder". You’re/Your dad tells you to stop moaning as life was much harder when he was a kid and you’re/your much better off than he was, but I don't think he really remembers.

4. you're = you are (You're a hero. = You are a hero.) your = belonging to you (Here's your medal) When you’re young it's not easy to know your own mind. At school you’re expected to know all the answers in your subjects. The teachers don't realise that you’re not as experienced as they are. They say that you’re careless and things like that when you’re not at all. Then they mark your work with comments like "Must try harder". Your dad tells you to stop moaning as life was much harder when he was a kid and you’re much better off than he was, but I don't think he really remembers.

5. there's = there is or there has (There's no food left. = There is no food left.) theirs = belonging to them ( That food is theirs.) There’s/Theirs no point in talking to them. They won't listen. They think the ball is there’s/theirs. I've tried to persuade them that it's ours but there’s/theirs no doubt in their minds. There’s/Theirs another ball in my garage.

6. there's = there is or there has (There's no food left. = There is no food left.) theirs = belonging to them ( That food is theirs.) There’s no point in talking to them. They won't listen. They think the ball is theirs. I've tried to persuade them that it's ours but there’s no doubt in their minds. There’s another ball in my garage.

7. two = the number 2 too = also, more than enough (too big) Remember: too many, too much, two o's. to = if it is not one of the other meanings (He went to the cinema. It does not mean much to me. Do you have to do that?) Yesterday I went two/too/to see my friend, Sian. She wanted two/too/to see my new summer tops. I bought two/too/to of them. At first I thought they were two/too/to big and I thought I would have two/too/to go back two/too/to the shop, but Mum said she would see two/too/to them on her new sewing machine. Nia was there two/too/to. She has been rude two/too/to me recently and I was not pleased two/too/to see her. It was two/too/to bad of her two/too/to say two/too/to Sian that I have no dress sense. I think she is two/too/to faced. It's not as if Nia has such marvellous dress-sense herself. Her skirts are either two/too/to long or two/too/to short and she sometimes comes two/too/to school looking like a sack of potatoes.

8. two = the number 2 too = also, more than enough (too big) Remember: too many, too much, two o's. to = if it is not one of the other meanings (He went to the cinema. It does not mean much to me. Do you have to do that?) Yesterday I went to see my friend, Sian. She wanted to see my new summer tops. I bought two of them. At first I thought they were too big and I thought I would have to go back to the shop, but Mum said she would see to them on her new sewing machine. Nia was there too. She has been rude to me recently and I was not pleased to see her. It was too bad of her to say to Sian that I have no dress sense. I think she is two faced. It's not as if Nia has such marvellous dress-sense herself. Her skirts are either too long or too short and she sometimes comes to school looking like a sack of potatoes.

9. Of and off - two confused words which sound different. If it sounds like ov you spell it of If it sounds like of you spell it off. I have a large collection of/off CDs. On Saturday, I usually have some money from my dad and then go down town. I get of/off the bus at the bus station and go to Smiths. I usually buy the record which is top of/off the charts and one more. One day I knocked a pile of/off the shelf. The assistant was angry, but I think it was mean of/off her to shout at me, though. Of/Off course I didn't mean to knock them of/off. Suddenly a boy with lots of/off black hair was there helping me to pick them up. "I knocked them of/off last week, " he said.

10. Of and off - two confused words which sound different. If it sounds like ov you spell it of If it sounds like of you spell it off. I have a large collection of CDs. On Saturday, I usually have some money from my dad and then go down town. I get off the bus at the bus station and go to Smiths. I usually buy the record which is top of the charts and one more. One day I knocked a pile off the shelf. The assistant was angry, but I think it was mean of her to shout at me, though. Of course I didn't mean to knock them off. Suddenly a boy with lots of black hair was there helping me to pick them up. "I knocked them off last week, " he said.

11. The I before E Rule I before E e.g.. believe, thief Except after C e.g.. ceiling, receive When the sound rhymes with “bee" e.g.. not eight, neighbour Exceptions (learn this sentence): The weird sisters seized the weir. (also protein) 1 He put in the last p___ce of the jigsaw. piece 2 I did not bel___ve him. believe 3 She rec___ved twenty cards. received 4 The teacher s___zed the letter. seized 5 The town was under s___ge. siege 6 The c___ling was painted orange! ceiling 7 She wrote to her n___ce. niece 8 It was a w___rd-looking creature. weird

12. Forming plurals Words ending in –x, -sh, -ch, -ss, -zz Most words add an s after the last letter to make the plural: E.g. book > books; door > doors. But words ending in hissing sounds (-x, -sh, -ch, -zz, -ss) add –es to make the plural. E.g. fox - foxes, dish - dishes, church - churches, buzz - buzzes, Change these singular nouns to plurals by adding s or es and write the plural word. box wish bush mass shop loss lash dish kiss fax pitch branch watch address

13. Forming plurals Words ending in –x, -sh, -ch, -ss, -zz Most words add an s after the last letter to make the plural: E.g. book > books; door > doors. But words ending in hissing sounds (-x, -sh, -ch, -zz, -ss) add –es to make the plural. E.g. fox - foxes, dish - dishes, church - churches, buzz - buzzes, Change these singular nouns to plurals by adding s or es and write the plural word. boxeswishes bushesmasses shops losses lashes dishes kisses faxes pitches branches watches addresses

14. Write the full plural form of these words: holiday journey Tryessay Countryvalley Memorypuppy Partycry Activityrobbery donkeysky Words ending in -y When there is vowel before the y, then add s. day - days, key - keys, boy - boys, guy - guys, monkey - monkeys If there is a consonant before the y, then change the y to ies. lady - ladies, baby - babies, robbery - robberies

15. Write the full plural form of these words: holiday = holidaysjourney= journeys Try= triesessay= essays Country= countriesvalley= valleys Memory= memoriespuppy= puppies Party= partiescry= cries Activity= activities robbery= robberies donkey= donkeys sky= skies Words ending in -y When there is vowel before the y, then add s. day - days, key - keys, boy - boys, guy - guys, monkey - monkeys If there is a consonant before the y, then change the y to ies. lady - ladies, baby - babies, robbery - robberies

16. Write the full plural form of these words: tomato patio cargo kilo potato radio photo studio stereo memo echo hero Words ending in -o If a word ending in o has a consonant before the o, add -es to make the plural: cargoes, echoes, heroes, mosquitoes, potatoes, tomatoes, volcanoes, Exceptions: pianos solos kilos zeros banjos photos memos dynamos When a word ending in o has a vowel before the o then add -s to make the plural: rodeos, radios, patios, studios, kangaroos.

17. Write the full plural form of these words: tomatoespatios cargoes kilos potatoes radios photos studios stereos memos echoesheroes Words ending in -o If a word ending in o has a consonant before the o, add -es to make the plural: cargoes, echoes, heroes, mosquitoes, potatoes, tomatoes, volcanoes, Exceptions: pianos solos kilos zeros banjos photos memos dynamos When a word ending in o has a vowel before the o then add -s to make the plural: rodeos, radios, patios, studios, kangaroos.

18. Write the full plural form of these words: half life wolf thief roof dwarf wife loaf leaf chief shelf knife Words ending in -f, -fe and -ff When a word ends in f or fe, change the f or fe to ves to form the plural: loaf - loaves, leaf - leaves, knife - knives, Some words just add s to form plurals: dwarfs, chiefs, proofs, roofs, beliefs, cliffs,

19. Write the full plural form of these words: half =halveslife= lives wolf = wolvesthief= thieves roof = roofsdwarf= dwarves Wife= wivesloaf= loaves leaf= leaves chief= chiefs Shelf= shelves knife= knives Words ending in -f, -fe and -ff When a word ends in f or fe, change the f or fe to ves to form the plural: loaf - loaves, leaf - leaves, knife - knives, Some words just add s to form plurals: dwarfs, chiefs, proofs, roofs, beliefs, cliffs,