1. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006A. Fabich, CERNBeta-beam Ion Losses, 1 The EURISOL Beta-beam Acceleration Scenario: Ion Losses A. Fabich, CERN NuFact’06, UCIrvine

2. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 2 Outline EURISOLDS Beta-beam layout Accumulation & accelerator cycle Ion intensities Accelerator chain Decay distribution Dynamic vacuum Decay ring Stored energy Particle turnover

3. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 3 Beta-beam EURISOL design Neutrino Source Decay Ring Ion production ISOL target & Ion source Proton Driver SPS Acceleration to medium energy RCS PS Acceleration to final energy PS & SPS Beam to experiment Ion acceleration Linac Beam preparation ECR pulsed Ion productionAcceleration Neutrino source Low-energy part High-energy part Decay ring B  max = 1000 Tm B = ~6 T C = ~7000 m L ss = ~2500 m 6 He:  = 100 18 Ne:  = 100

4. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 4 magnet cycle (abstract) cycle of 6 He Machine cycle Baseline version: Production 6 He, 18 Ne ECR, Linac and RCS Cycling at 10 Hertz Accumulation in the PS Accumulation of 20 RCS bunches (~2 seconds) Acceleration through PS and SPS as fast as possible  top = 100 for both isotopes Injection into decay ring Merging with circulating bunches Every 6 s for 6 He and every 3.6 s for 18 Ne

5. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 5 For the design goal of 2.9*10 18 antineutrinos/year 1.1*10 18 neutrinos/year Required isotope intensities: For cycling of version EURISOL DS Typical intensities of 10 8 -10 9 ions for LHC injector operation (PS and SPS) Ion intensities (1) 6 He 18 Ne Decay ring [ions stored]9.7*10 13 7.5*10 13 SPS ej [ions/cycle]9. 0*10 12 4.3*10 12 PS ej [ions/cycle]9.5*10 12 4.3*10 12 Source rate to ECR [ions/s]2*10 13

6. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 6 Ion intensities (2) Cycle optimized for neutrino rate. 30% of first 6 He bunch injected are reaching decay ring Overall only 50% ( 6 He) and 80% ( 18 Ne) reach decay ring Normalization Single bunch intensity to maximum/bunch Total intensity to total number accumulated in RCS Bunch 20 th 15 th 10 th 5th 1st total

7. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 7 Decay losses Relative decay distribution similar for both isotopes ~90% of all decays before entering decay ring occur in the PS Can be translated into power losses and compared with “existing” high intensity operation …

8. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 8 1E-9 Loss distribution and dyn. vacuum PS SPS New “PS” Pressure evolution due to desorption P. Spiller et al., GSI Average pressure [mbar] 1E-10 1E-11 1E-12 1E-8 Average pressure [mbar] 1E-9 PS SPS New “PS”

9. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 9 Beam intensities in the decay ring Stored energy LHC refers to proton operation. Transverse density:  =E stored /(2*Pi*  x *  y ) Beta-beam operates at reasonable stored energy and energy density. “Stored energy” is most relevant for irregular operation. LHC project report 773 bb

10. NuFact'06 WG3, Aug. 2006 A. Fabich, CERN Beta-beam Ion Losses, 10 Particle turnover 810 kJ respect. 1150 kJ beam energy/cycle injected  ejected All ions have to be removed again Either as parent or daughter ion 1)Decay deposition in arcs: protect SC dipoles from quench caused by deposition accumulated after drift (quench limit 10W/m) 2)Decays accumulated along straight section: 300 or 400 kJ dumped per cycle (50 or 120 kW average) via extraction system at end of straight section 3)Momentum collimation at/after merging process: Cycle average: 62 or 230 kW (6 resp 3.6 s) LHC: 10 kW average, peak 100 kW over seconds or 500 kW peak Process average: 1.2 or 2.8 MW (0.3 s, continuous collimation during bunch compression) p-collimation merging decay losses injection 1)+2) 3)