1. The Vicious Cycle

2. International Diabetes Federation What Causes CVD in Diabetes? Atherosclerosis Hypertension AND Microangiopathy Neuropathy Damage to blood vessel walls  More severe consequences

3. International Diabetes Federation Coronary Heart Disease: Heart Attack People with diabetes have the same risk of heart attack as people without diabetes who have already suffered a heart attack

4. International Diabetes Federation Coronary Heart Disease: Heart Attack More difficulty with emergency treatments ‘Silent’ heart attack People with diabetes can have a heart attack without even knowing it

5. International Diabetes Federation Coronary Heart Disease Angina ‘Silent’ ischaemia Sudden death 50-300% more frequent Heart failure Two to three-fold greater risk Fainting attack

6. International Diabetes Federation Cerebrovascular Disease Stroke Twice as common in people with diabetes and hypertension as in those with hypertension alone Mini-stroke (transient ischaemic attack) Two-six times more frequent Dementia

7. International Diabetes Federation Peripheral Vascular Disease Gangrene 70-fold increased risk over the age of 70 Calf pain (intermittent claudication) Three to nine times more frequent Foot ulcers

8. International Diabetes Federation A Worse Prognosis The prognosis of a CVD event is worse for people with diabetes  CVD is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes in developed countries