1. Rediscovering Mixed Use Streets Prof. Peter Jones Centre for Transport Studies, UCL

2. Overview The argument Aims and objectives Our study sites What we did What we found Implications for policy & practice

3. The argument For decades, high streets viewed as relics of a bygone age: –‘Clash’ of ‘movement’ and ‘access’ functions (i.e. high Link & high Place status) –Often neglected in terms of street investment Yet function in a much more sustainable way than many ‘modern’ shopping centres –Easy access on foot and by public transport –Support diverse local businesses –Provide focus for social and community activity They have the potential to become cornerstones of future sustainable communities

4. Aims and objectives Study funded by Joseph Rowntree Foundation, as part of a programme on urban public spaces Carried out with Marion Roberts & Linda Morris Focus on more deprived communities Examined range of mixed use streets functions and how users perceive them, using three case studies Identified diverse range of actors and agencies with responsibility for some aspects of the street Set out issues confronting mixed use streets Made policy and practice recommendations

5. Tooting London Ball Hill Coventry London Road Sheffield 500m Our English study sites

6. LondonCoventrySheffield Street Length (m) 1790420770 Number of shops 365100160 Population BME (%) 381534 Case study statistics

7. Tooting

8. Coventry

9. Sheffield

10. Broad-based literature review Identification of general concepts & principles Case Studies: Assembly of existing factual data, in a GIS database Interviews with street users, residents, businesses and professionals Analysis of CCTV data Identification of interactions and conflicts Exploration of design and management solutions What we did

11. What we found High streets serve a diverse range of functions and identities – heart of local community Widely used by local populations and also draws on a much wider catchment area Most travel by ‘sustainable’ modes Richness of footway activities Strong likes and dislikes Suffer from fragmented responsibilities and lack of long-term vision

12. Transport links: What do high streets offer?

13. Transport links:Interchanges: What do high streets offer?

14. Transport links:Interchanges: Services: What do high streets offer?

15. Transport links:Interchanges: Services:Footway activities: What do high streets offer?

16. Transport links:Interchanges: Services:Footway activities: Public/social spaces: What do high streets offer?

17. Transport links:Interchanges: Services:Footway activities: Public/social spaces:Cultural landmarks: What do high streets offer?

18. How people reach high streets

19. Role of transport interchange: Tooting

20. Streets as diverse service centres

21. Footway Services & Elements Services Retail: market stalls, newspaper sellers Communications: post box, telephones, internet Cash point machines Public transport: stops, shelters, seating Public amenities: toilets, seating, waste bins Public art and greenery Security & information Sign posts Route information signs Advertising boards Tactile paving CCTV Lighting columns Bollards and guard railing Pedestrian signals Control boxes (e.g. traffic signals)

22. Diversity of footway activities

23. “I usually bump into people I know” Importance for social interaction

24. General attitudes to the high street People like the diversity of shops and services and friendliness They dislike the dominance of road traffic, and perceived to be unsafe They are unhappy with the provision of public spaces and facilities They are dissatisfied with the levels of litter and graffiti

25. Satisfaction with shops

26. Traffic-related problems

27. Dissatisfaction with amenities

28. Dissatisfaction with litter/graffiti

29. Fragmentation of agencies & powers Unlike a purpose-built centre, traditional high streets have a wide range of agencies with specific responsibilities Problems of fragmentation: –Not always clear who does what –Often lack of co-ordination –Funding dispersed Lack of strategic vision

30. Fragmented management

31. Benefits of community engagement Important to involve local communities and other stakeholders in identifying problems and potential solutions Engineers often propose solutions that do not address full range of user needs, and so meet strong local opposition Involving local people in design workshops can lead to more inclusive and supported solutions

32. Street design kit

33. Example of loading bay block 1:250

34. Engaging with stakeholders

35. Overall assessment Mixed-use local high streets are generally well- used and well-liked, in terms of what they offer Encourage more sustainable travel patterns and socially inclusive patterns of living Display distinct identities and support local businesses But have been neglected: traffic dominated and poor level of amenities – under funded Could be the cornerstone of new sustainable communities – but need public involvement and better coordination

36. Thank You peter.jones@ucl.ac.uk Report available at: http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/contribution-local-high- streets-sustainable-communities