1. Cell Reproduction Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis Chromosomes Mitosis Meiosis

2. Two Types of Cells No nucleus No Organelles Unicellular but can form filaments and colonies Smaller—1-5 μm across Example: bacteria Binary fission is the process prokaryotes use to divide Has nucleus Has organelles Can be either unicellular or multicellular Larger—10-100 μm across Examples: animals, plants, fungi, yeast Mitosis ONLY occurs in EUKARYOTES Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

3. Why do cells need to divide and reproduce in eukaryotes? 1.Repair of tissue (like a broken bone)

4. Why do cells need to divide and reproduce in eukaryotes? 2. So the organism can grow Like a baby….their body is growing very, very fast

5. Tree Growth

6. CANCER

7. So….cells divide and make new cells It’s called MITOSIS Everybody say it…. MITOSIS

8. Cell Division Cell Division is the process by which cells reproduce. information in the cell is contained in genes → genes code for proteins → proteins carry out cellular functions Each body cell that results from cell division must have an exact copy of the DNA in the original cell. Cell Division is the process by which cells reproduce. information in the cell is contained in genes → genes code for proteins → proteins carry out cellular functions Each body cell that results from cell division must have an exact copy of the DNA in the original cell.

9. Chromosomes

10. Chromosome Structure

15. Chromosome Number

16. Mitosis Mitosis: the division of the cell nucleus in which the chromosomes in the parent cell divide into two identical sets In somatic cells (body cells), the number of cells is increased without changing the information contained in the DNA or the amount of DNA in those cells. Mitosis: the division of the cell nucleus in which the chromosomes in the parent cell divide into two identical sets In somatic cells (body cells), the number of cells is increased without changing the information contained in the DNA or the amount of DNA in those cells.

17. Cell Cycle

18. Overview

19. Important Structures Asters Centrioles Polar Fibers Kinetechore Fibers Equator Kinetechore

22. Mitosis in Plants

23. Cleavage Furrow & Cell Plate

24. Meiosis

25. Overview

26. Meiosis

30. Genetic Recombination Genetic Recombination: the process that results in chromosomes being arranged in many different ways crossing-over between homologues or chromatids homologous pairs separate independently in meiosis I sister chromatids separate independently in meiosis II Genetic Recombination: the process that results in chromosomes being arranged in many different ways crossing-over between homologues or chromatids homologous pairs separate independently in meiosis I sister chromatids separate independently in meiosis II

31. CROSSING VERVER

32. VERVER

33. Independent Assortment

36. Karyotype

38. Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid (2n): a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair Humans = 46 (somatic cells: body cells) Haploid (n): a cell that has only one chromosome of each homologous pair Humans = 23 (gametes: egg and sperm) Diploid (2n): a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair Humans = 46 (somatic cells: body cells) Haploid (n): a cell that has only one chromosome of each homologous pair Humans = 23 (gametes: egg and sperm)

40. Mitosis