1. Dry and oil extracts production
As. prof. Beley N.N. Ternopil State Medical University about Horbachevsky

2. Technological stages of soft extracts production:
1. Preparing of production
2. Preparation of herbal raw materials
(milling, sifting) and extragent
3. Obtaining of liquid extract
4. Purification of liquid extract
5. Evaporation of solvent for extraction (extragent)
6. Standardization
7. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product.

3. The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production :
Evaporation stage is included
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid extract
3. Manstruum evaporation
4. Drying of slightly evaporated extract
5. Standardization
6. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product
Without evaporation stage
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid extract
3. Drying of liquid extract
4. Standardization
5. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product

4. Methods obtaining of infusion while soft and dry extracts production:
1. Percolation
2. Repercolation
3. Bismaceration and its various modifications
4. Circulating extraction
5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating
6. Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors
7. Methods of extraction, including milling of raw materials in the environment of extragent, vortex extraction, extraction using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound, electrical discharges et al.

5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating

6. Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)

7. Soxhlet apparatus 1. Cube for distillation 2. Siphon tube 3. Extractor
4. Collector of condensate
5. Reflux -condenser

8. Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)
is repeated extraction of HRM by the circulating extragent.
There is the extragent in the cub and collector.
HRM is placed in the extractor and is poured on with an extragent just below the siphon tube.
After the imbibitions you have pass extragent through the raw and obtain infusion.
Than you have begin to heat up the extragent in the cube.
Vapours of the extragent are formed, raised in the reflux-condenser, where they condensates and go to collector.
Saturated extract again enters in the cube.

9. The process extraction in apparatus of Soxhlet is continued until the BAS are completely extracted and the extract in the flask is then processed.
The advantage of this method:
Large amounts of HRM can be extracted with a much smaller quantity of solvent.
This effects tremendous economy in terms of time, energy and consequently financial inputs.
At small scale, it is employed as a batch process only, but it becomes much more economical and viable when converted into a continuous extraction procedure on medium or large scale.

10. Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors
HRM and extragent are continuously loaded into the extractor from opposite hopper and moving toward each other.
The degree of exhaustion of HRM is governed by the length of the apparatus and unload speeds of HRM and extragent.

11. Equipment for Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors
Horizontal screw (helix) extractor
Vertical screw (helix) extractor
Disk extractor
Extractor with spring-blades

12. Horizontal screw extractor
Hopper
Inlet for extragent
Outlet for extract
Helix (screw)
Inclined helix

13. Vertical screw (helix) extractor
Loading column
Helix to combine
Extractive column
Inlet for extragent
Outlet for extract
Helix (screw)

14. Disk extractor 1. Extractive tube 2, 5 Stars for movement of rope
3. Steam jacket
6. Rope to which perforated disks are attached
7. Perforated disks
8. Inlet for extragent
9. Hopper
10, 12 Collector of extragent
11. Outlet for extragent

15. Extractor with spring-blades
Body
Inlet for extragent
Outlet for extract
Camera is divided on the sections
Drum with spring-blades
Plates for hitting
10,11 hopper for HRM

16. Advantage of the methods
The most effective method to get a extract with a higher yield and lower cost
Used a relatively small amount of extragent
Ability to automate the process
Little amount of the equipment
Exclude the work of downloading of raw material

17. Methods of extracts purification
1. Boiling, then standing in cool place and filtering.
2. Boiling with adding of kaolin, then standing and filtering.
3. Alcohol-purification method:
extract is evaporated to volume lees in twice, adding of Ethylic Alcohol 96 % in double amount, standing in cool place for 7 days.
Transparent solution is poured off, alcohol is evaporated to obtaining soft extract.

18. Evaporation of extragent to soft extracts production
is process increasing extract viscosity by removing of the extragent by evaporation in the vacuum at the temperature about °C.
The state of art are cautious vacuum evaporation apparatus and evaporation temperatures not exceeding 55 C.
The temperature in correlation with the evaporation time is of special importance for quality of this step of manufacture, if the extract contains easily volatile or thermo- labile constituents.

19. Equipment for evaporation of the extragent
The rotary directly flow apparatus
Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax
Foam evaporator

20. The rotary directly flow apparatus
1. Body (corp)
2. Inlet for liquid extract
3. Separation camera
4. To backing of drops
5. To vacuum
6. To dividing of extract on the flows
7. Scrapers (blades)
8. Steam jacket
9. Shaft (rotor) rotating
10. Outlet for soft extract

21. Foam evaporator 1. Pump 2. Working capacity 3. Partition 4. Separator
5. Nipple for vapour
6. Devise for distribution
7. Inlet for liquid extract
8. Camera for evaporation
9. Ventilator
10. Nipple for condensed extract
11. Horizontal hot tubes

22. Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax
1. Flask-collector
2, 3 Tubes of the heater
4. Flask for circulating of drops and vapors of extragent
5. Trunk
6. Condenser
7. Inlet for liquid extract
8. Flask for extragent
9. Outlet for extragent
10. Circulating tube for vapors of extragent
12. Heater

23. Equipment

24. The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production :
Evaporation stage is included
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid extract
3. Manstruum evaporation
4. Drying of slightly evaporated extract
5. Standardization
6. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product
Without evaporation stage
1. Obtaining of liquid extract
2. Purification of liquid extract
3. Drying of liquid extract
4. Standardization
5. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product

25. Drying

26. Dry extract obtained in laboratory

27. Drying of the extracts in the dry extracts production is the process of moisture removal to obtain solid or powdered product with a moisture content less than 5%.
Drying of purified extracts can be fulfilled by two planes:
1) Drying of liquid extract without evaporation
2) Drying slightly condensed extract
after the evaporation stage.

28. Equipment for drying of condensed extracts
1. Vacuum drying apparatus
Slightly evaporated extract is placed on trays by thin layer and dried. Porous mass is obtained which is milled.
2. Vacuum roller dryers
Slightly evaporated extract is placed on the hot rollers which rotate toward to each other. It is dried and milling simultaneous.

29. Equipment for drying of liquid extracts
Lyophilise or dye-sublimation drying - freeze dryers.
Spray dryer.

30. Freeze dryers

31. Equipment used to dry slightly condensed extracts
Cylindrical-vacuum drying
2. Vacuum-drying cupboard

32. Thanks