1. Assessing the efFEct of global change driVERs on multifunctionality in global drylands FEVER Nicolas Gross CR1 INRA Agreenskills outgoing fellow Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015

2. Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Who Am I? Nicolas Gross Researcher at the INRA (SPE) since 2010 AGRIPOP team (USC INRA-CNRS) Main research interest CEBC Semiarid Ecology and Global Change Lab Led by Dr. Fernando T. Maestre UJRC Biodiversity Global Change drivers Climate change Land use change Invasion … Global change Productivity Pollination Biological control Forage quality Weed regulation C N P cycling Patrimonial value Soil Fertility Ecosystem Multifunctionality Water storage

3. Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Mutlifunctionality in global drylands 41% of the global terrestrial surface 38% of the world’s human population Extremely diverse (hotspot of diversity) Highly sensitive to global changes  Desertification 20 % drylands under severe ecosystem degradation

4. Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Mutlifunctionality in global drylands Ecosystem Mutlifunctionality Environnemental change Valencia et al. 2015 Hypothesis: Biodiversity is key to predict ecosystem response to global change Non-linear response & catastrophic shift

5. Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Mutlifunctionality in global drylands How functional diversity in global drylands mediates the impact of multiple GC drivers on ecosystem mutlifunctionality Climate and soil Soil microbe diversity Plant diversity Mutlifunctionality data + 230 sites worldwide 23 countries New data acquisition ERC BIODESDERT (starting date 2016) Led by Fernando T. Maestre Biodiversity data (including species, phylogenetic and functional diversity) Climate & Grazing gradients Remote sensing On site measurments

6. Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Mutlifunctionality in global drylands How functional diversity in global drylands mediates the impact of multiple GC drivers on ecosystem multifunctionality TASK 1: Quantifying the impact of GC drivers on functional diversity in global drylands Develop and test a comprehensive framework to link biodiversity with ecosystem functioning at a spatial scale that has never been reached before (i.e. global) TASK 2: Evaluating the impact of biotic interactions (competition & facilitation) on the functional structure of global drylands TASK 3: Quantifying the effect of functional diversity on ecosystem functioning TASK 4: Developing a novel predictive framework to predict biodiversity & ecosystem response to GC

7. Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Mutlifunctionality in global drylands Thanks! Maestre lab Fernando Miguel 1 Miguel 2 Angela Enrique Bea Vicky Yoann Nico … nicolas.gross@cebc.cnrs.fr

8. Questions Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015

9. Height Specific leaf area Root length A simple definition: REPONSE TRAIT: Morphological or physiological attribute which as a function for an individual/species to persist in its own environment (Lavorel et al. 1997 TREE) EFFECT TRAIT: At the community scale, they determine community effect on ecosystem function (Gross et al. 2008 New Phytol.) Agreenskills Annual Meeting Barcelona 2015 Mutlifunctionality in global drylands: A focus on functional diversity Abundance Traits values