1. Alliances Lesson Starter What do you think is meant by the term alliances? This picture may give you a clue…

2. Homework for Friday Two 8 mark questions – answer in detail, include relevant examples 1.Explain, in detail, the ways that people can participate in trade union activities. 2.Explain, in detail, the role of a trade union shop steward.

3. Alliances An alliance is when two or more countries join together to become richer or safer.

4. Alliances Why join an alliance? Basic Needs like food, clothing, shelter Employment

5. Alliances Why join an alliance? Basic Needs like food, clothing, shelter Employment Improved living standards

6. Alliances Why join an alliance? Basic Needs like food, clothing, shelter Employment Improved living standards Safer from attack Able to defend their own interests Able to protect their own people

7. Alliances Why join an alliance? Basic Needs like food, clothing, shelter Employment Improved living standards Safer from attack Able to defend their own interests Able to protect their own people ECONOMIC NEEDS SECURITY NEEDS

8. Alliances Countries can meet more needs collectively (as a group) in an alliance than they can do individually.

9. NATO is a military alliance The EU is an economic alliance The UN alliance has 2 main aims i. To bring peace between countries which are fighting and to keep peace once the fighting stops. ii. To encourage social and economic progress in developing countries.

10. The European Union

11. Quick Task: How many flags can you identify from this picture?

12. Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Denmark, Ireland, UK, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, Czech- Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania The European Union

13. http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips /why-does-the-european-union- exist/7266.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips /benefits-of-eu-membership-to- scotland/5632.html The European Union

14. The EU is a group of 27 European countries It was set up to try to help European countries to improve living standards and prevent conflict

15. The European Union The EU aims to: 1.Improve living standards 2.Create jobs 3.Increase trade 4.Help European countries be successful

16. Questions Answer the following questions in sentences: What is an alliance? Give an example of an alliance. Identify two of the reasons why countries form alliances.

17. The European Union Lesson Starter 1.How many countries make up the EU? 2.Why would countries want to be in an alliance?

18. Learning Intentions I will better understand why countries want to be in the EU I will better understand how Scotland benefits from being in the EU

19. Why countries want to join the EU SOCIAL REASONS Help for poorer areas Deprived areas of member countries get help from the Regional Development Fund to regenerate the area Money is available to help countries with things like education and training

20. Why countries want to join the EU SOCIAL REASONS Reducing Inequality European Social Fund provides help to member countries to reduce the gap between rich and poor areas of the EU

21. Why countries want to join the EU ECONOMIC REASONS Trade and Jobs There are no barriers to trade so member countries can buy and sell to a single market of about 450 million customers The EU supports full employment and aims to create millions of new jobs

22. Why countries want to join the EU ECONOMIC REASONS Agriculture and Food Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) gives farmers a decent standard of living in return for stable food supplies and prices

23. Why countries want to join the EU POLITICAL REASONS Security and Defence Rapid Reaction Force helps with humanitarian aid, rescue missions and peacekeeping in Europe It helps prevent conflicts between countries that are members of the same alliance.

24. Why countries want to join the EU POLITICAL REASONS Human Rights EU promotes the four freedoms of movement – goods, services, people and money – as well as equal rights and the rule of law

25. Lesson Starter 1.Why do countries want to be in the EU? Think of at least two reasons. How Scotland Benefits from EU membership

26. Poorer areas of Scotland get help from Regional Development Fund to regenerate – new jobs etc…

27. How Scotland Benefits from EU membership Poorer areas of Scotland get help from Regional Development Fund to regenerate – new jobs etc… Scotland can get money from the European Social Fund to spend on improving health, training people in new skills and giving them access to ICT

28. How Scotland Benefits from EU membership Poorer areas of Scotland get help from Regional Development Fund to regenerate – new jobs etc… Scotland can get money from the European Social Fund to spend on improving health, training people in new skills and giving them access to ICT Freedom of movement means people can work anywhere in Europe

29. How Scotland Benefits from EU membership Scottish agriculture and fisheries can sell produce all over Europe. Farmers get help to modernise through the Common Agricultural Policy Poorer areas of Scotland get help from Regional Development Fund to regenerate – new jobs etc… Scotland can get money from the European Social Fund to spend on improving health, training people in new skills and giving them access to ICT Freedom of movement means people can work anywhere in Europe

30. How Scotland Benefits from EU membership Scotland can trade with Europe – much bigger variety of goods in our shops at good prices Scottish agriculture and fisheries can sell produce all over Europe. Farmers get help to modernise through the Common Agricultural Policy Poorer areas of Scotland get help from Regional Development Fund to regenerate – new jobs etc… Scotland can get money from the European Social Fund to spend on improving health, training people in new skills and giving them access to ICT Freedom of movement means people can work anywhere in Europe

31. Poorer areas of Scotland get help from Regional Development Fund to regenerate – new jobs etc… How Scotland Benefits from EU membership Scottish Businesses can sell in Europe. This gives them a bigger market. Will also employ more workers Scotland can trade with Europe – much bigger variety of goods in our shops at good prices Scottish agriculture and fisheries can sell produce all over Europe. Farmers get help to modernise through the Common Agricultural Policy Scotland can get money from the European Social Fund to spend on improving health, training people in new skills and giving them access to ICT Freedom of movement means people can work anywhere in Europe European Structural Funds

32. oEach group will be given a topic to study and learn. You will do this in your learning groups. You will be given 10 minutes to learn and copy the notes. oYou will then be organised into teaching groups and you will share the information so everyone has the notes.

33. What is it? o Part of the European Structural Funds o Poorer areas of Scotland can get money from this fund. They give money to areas that have high unemployment, or areas that aren’t developing fast enough. Also areas that have experienced industrial decline.

34. How has Scotland benefited? ERDF Priority 3 is “Urban Regeneration”. Projects currently underway in Scotland using ERDF money include…

35. How has Scotland benefited? Redevelopment of Dalmarnock Rail Station in Glasgow (£3 million invested in 2010) Money invested in “Glasgow Works” project to create jobs in Glasgow (£700,000 invested in 2008)

36. Other benefits…money invested in… Ferry services to the Western Isles Glasgow Harbour

37. What is it? o Part of the European Structural Funds o The European Social Fund’s main aim is to support employment in the member states of the EU as well as promoting economic growth and health.

38. How has Scotland benefited? o ESF Priority 3 is “Improving Access to Lifelong Learning”. Projects currently underway in Scotland using ESF money include…

39. How has Scotland benefited? o Money invested in S4S – Skills 4 Scotland, an SQA initiative o This is for people undertaking Skills for Work courses – e.g. Childcare, Intermediate 2 hospitality, Hairdressing o £150,000 invested in 2008

40. How has Scotland benefited? o Coatbridge College awarded £200,000 in 2008

41. What is it? o Scotland can trade with Europe and get goods we cannot produce ourselves. o Scottish businesses can sell in Europe which means they can sell to a bigger market (not just Scotland). o No tax on goods being sold.

42. How does it affect us? o More choice of goods o Better quality o Reduced prices

43. How does it affect us? o Consumers are also better informed about the products they buy and those products are safer, for instance. The CE marking guarantees that products meet certain minimum standards, regardless of where they were produced.

44. What is it? o People can work anywhere in Europe o Unemployed Scots might find a job abroad o Skilled workers from Europe can move to Scotland

45. How has Scotland benefited? o Thousands of Scots have been able to study at European Universities o EU regulations mean that workers cannot be forced to work more than 48 hours against their will

46. What is it? o Helps farmers grow more crops. o Give farmers a good income for growing food. o This gives farmers a decent standard of living.

47. How does it affect us? o Food can move easily from country to country. o Food is sold at a reasonable price in shops. o Makes sure there is a decent supply of food in shops. There is a wide range of produce in shops.

48. Advantages and Disadvantages of EU Advantages New markets to sell their products – For example, the UK’s biggest trading partner in the EU is Germany. British manufacturers and suppliers benefit hugely from trade with Germany Access to a cheaper workforce – For example, recent immigrants from EU member states such as Poland and Czech republic have boosted Britain’s economy Greater peace and security for Europe – For example, never been a war between two EU countries Access to EU funds and grants – For example, the Scotland gets funding from the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) Improve standard of living - For example, one of the EU’s aims is urban regeneration and Glasgow has received millions of pounds to help poorer areas Businesses may set up factories in new member states – jobs etc… - For example, Philips, Dutch electrical products and BMW, German car manufacturers

49. Advantages and Disadvantages of EU Disadvantages Less chance of getting EU grants because other countries are poorer – For example, the UK pays a lot into to EU but doesn’t get as much back as other countries. In 2010, UK paid in €12.1billion and got back € 6.8 billion. Poland paid in €3.3 billion and got back €11.8 billion Influx of migrant workers which may lead to racial tension – For example, Bulgaria and Romania joined EU in 2007 and are new free to move to other EU countries like the UK. This has led to some racial tension. Threat of inexpensive competition from another member state – For example, the average salary in the UK is £26,500 but the average in Poland is £5,500. This means companies might set up in countries other than the UK as they can make higher profits.

51. Should more countries be allowed to join the EU? EU was originally formed by 6 European Countries to promote peace and cooperation after WW2 Since then it has risen rapidly to have 27 members with almost 500 million members The question about whether the EU should expand is debatable…

52. Should more countries be allowed to join the EU? There are two ways it could expand: 1.Widen – so far the EU has widened. So more countries have joined but not too much power is taken away from member states 2.Deepen – If the EU was to deepen, this would take powers away from member states (E.g. Britain might be forced to join the Euro)

53. Should more countries be allowed to join the EU? Advantages for current members Disadvantages for current members New Markets to sell products Less chance of getting EU grants and subsidies because new members may be poorer Access to cheaper workforce Possible influx of migrant workers which may lead to racial tension Greater peace and security for Europe Unemployment in member states won’t be helped by further migration from Eastern Europe

54. Should more countries be allowed to join the EU? Advantages for new members Disadvantages for new members Access to EU funds and grantsThe threat of inexpensive competition from another member state may cause the closure of businesses and higher unemployment Chance to improve their standard of living New member states might lose some of their best workers to other countries in the EU which offer higher wages Businesses may set up factories in new member states

55. Extra Notes… 2007 – Bulgaria and Romania joined EU. This led to big influx of Bulgarians and Romanians in other richer parts of the EU including the UK Who wants to join? – Croatia, Turkey, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe- 11283616http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe- 11283616

56. KU Question 1.Give two advantages and two disadvantages of being a member of the European Union. 8 marks 2.Give two reasons to explain why some countries have recently joined the European Union. 4 marks