1. Warm-Up
List 5 safety precautions that can help reduce the risk of unintentional injuries at home

2. Recreation, Water and Personal Safety
Lesson 28

3. Objectives
Identify strategies for preventing accidental injuries that occur during recreational activities
Analyze strategies for preventing accidental injuries while driving or riding in a car
Identify environmental factors that affect the health of individuals, families and communities
Demonstrate ways of avoiding and reducing threatening situations

4. Accidental Injuries
Unintentional injury: an injury resulting from an unexpected event or accident
Accident chain: sequence of events that leads to an unintentional injury
Most include 5 steps that are connected, much like the links in a chain
figure 27.1

5. Preventing Fires Never leave a candle unattended
Store matches and lighters out of the reach of children
Make sure a person doesn’t fall asleep when smoking (or don’t allow smoking in your house)
Keep stoves and ovens clean
Replace frayed electrical cords
Stock your home with fire safety equipment in case of emergency
Smoke alarm: alarm triggered by the presence of smoke
One for each floor of the home
Test the alarm once a month
Replace batteries once a year
Fire extinguisher: portable device that puts out small fires by ejecting fire-extinguishing chemicals
Stand away from flames and aim at the source of the fire
Check equipment periodically
Fire ladder: ladder that can be hung out of a window in order to escape from a burning building

6. Preventing Falls
Keep stairways well lit, in good repair and free of clutter
Equip stairways with sturdy handrails and nonskid stair strips
Keep the floor clean, mopping up spills immediately
Use non-skid rugs, or place non-skid mats under the rugs
Install safety rails in bathtubs and showers
Do not run electrical or telephone cords across areas where people walk
If small children are present, install adjustable safety latches so window only open a few inches
Use a sturdy step stool when reaching for high items

7. Preventing Electrical Shock
Unplug an electrical appliance immediately if anything seems to be wrong
Pull the plug, not the cord
Inspect cords for signs of cracked insulation and replace frayed cords immediately
Do not run cords under carpets or rugs
Never use an electrical appliance if you or the environment you are in is wet
Check outlets to make sure they are not overloaded
Cover unused outlets with plastic protectors if small children are around

8. Preventing Poisoning
Keep medication and other potentially poisonous substances in childproof containers
Store chemicals in their original containers, never in food or drink containers
Never mix household chemicals
Many contain ammonia or bleach with give off toxic gasses when combined
Use products that give off fumes in well-ventilated area
When using fire burning appliances, make sure there is adequate ventilation
These give off carbon monoxide gas, which can cause you to suffer from a lack of oxygen intake

9. Firearm Safety Never point a firearm at anyone for any reason
Treat all firearms as if they are loaded
Store firearms unloaded and store ammunition separately
Store in locked cabinets, well out of a child’s reach

10. Figure 27.2

11. Computer and Video Game Safety
Computer tasks often require you to sit in one place for long periods of time, making repetitive motions while staring at a screen
Eye strain
Sore muscles
Wrist, hand, or arm injuries
Lighting should be indirect and not too bright. Avoid creating a glare on your computer screen
Adjustability
Make sure work surfaces are adjustable for the comfort of each user

12. Figure 27.3

13. Safety on the Job 500 workers injured every day
Proper training can help prevent accidents
Teens are prohibited from performing certain tasks by the Department of Labor
Roofing
Construction work
Demolition
Driving a forklift
Operating power-driven machinery
Handling explosives and radioactive materials
Employees and employers must follow safety rules issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Agency in the federal government that is responsible for promoting safe and healthful conditions in the workplace

14. Recreational Safety Know your limits Bring supplies
Stick with tasks that match your ability level
Bring supplies
Take plenty of safe drinking water
Never drink from a lake, river, or stream
Wear protective clothing
Protecting against weather, poisonous plants and insects
Tell people your plans
Let them know where you’re going and when you plan to return
Carry a cell phone if possible
Plan ahead fro the weather

15. Safety While Camping and Hiking
Stay in specified camp sites
Hike only in approved areas
Be knowledgeable about poisonous plants, insect and snakes
Wear socks and long pants tucked into your socks to protect against ticks and mosquitoes
Be cautious around wildlife
Do not store food in your tent
Be careful around campfires

16. Winter Sport Safety Dress in layers to protect you from hypothermia
A condition in which body temperature becomes dangerously low
Wear a waterproof outer layer
Wear a hat
Always wear appropriate safety equipment and make sure it’s in good working order

17. Water Safety Swimming Diving Learn how to swim Know your abilities
Swim with a buddy
Swim only in designated areas with a lifeguard present
If you get a cramp, relax and float until the cramp relaxes
Diving
Learn proper techniques
Always check water depth before diving
American Red Cross recommends a minimum depth of nine feet
Never dive in unfamiliar areas or shallow water
Make sure areas is clear of swimmers and floating objects

18. Boating and Personal Watercraft
Learn how to handle a boat correctly
Know the laws governing their use
Boaters safety course
Boaters license
Always wear approved personal flotation devices
Return to shore at first indication of bad weather
Never ride in a boat with an operator who has been using alcohol or other drugs

19. Figure 27.4

20. Lake, River, and Ocean Safety
Swim in supervised areas only
Enter feet first
Watch for marine warnings
Check to see if a warning flag is up
Ask the lifeguard whether the water is safe for swimming
Check the tide an surf conditions
Be aware of your surroundings
Plan ahead
Make sure you have enough energy to swim back to shore
If pulled by a current swim gradually out of the current by swimming across it, often parallel to shore

21. Safety on the Road
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teens
In 2001 more than 5,700 teens died on the road
Fatality rate for teens is 4 times higher than the rate for drivers age years old
Statistics:
14% of all drivers involved in fatal crashes were between the ages of 15 and 20
21% of these drivers had been drinking and driving
80% of these drivers were NOT wearing safety belts

22. Vehicular Safety
Obeying the rules of the road, as well as practicing common sense and good judgment
Pay attention to your vehicle
Adjust mirrors and seat position
Wear seat belt
Pay attention to other drivers
Pay attention to road conditions
Reduce speed if road is wet and/or icy
Reduce speed if lane narrows or there is construction
Pay attention to your physical state
Don’t drive if you are tired
If you are tired, do something to refresh your self or if extremely tired, pull over at the nearest rest stop and sleep or call home
Pay attention to your emotional state
Emotional state can affect judgment

23. Being a Responsible Driver
Always signal when you are about to make a turn or change lanes
Follow all traffic signals and signs
Don’t tailgate
Let other drivers merge safely into traffic
Avoid road rage
Practice of endangering drivers by using a vehicle as a weapon

24. Other Strategies Never engage in high risk driving behavior
Never drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol
Don’t let distractions, such as eating or adjusting the radio, take your attention away from the road
Drive defensively because you have no control over what other drivers are doing
Be aware of potential hazards and react to avoid them

25. Bicycle Safety
Always wear a safety-approved, hard-shell helmet that fits properly
Ride with traffic
Yield the right of way
Watch for cars pulling out into traffic or car doors opening in your path
Obey the same rules as drivers
Use hand signals for making turns and stopping
Keep both hands on handlebars except when signaling
If riding at night, make sure your bike has a bright headlight and red rear light and reflector
Wear reflective or light colored clothing when riding at dawn, dusk or in the rain

26. Skating Safety Wear protective equipment Watch for pedestrians
Keep speed under control
If you begin to fall, curl up into a ball and roll, staying loose
Do not hold anything in your hand

27. Motorcycles and All-Terrain Vehicles
Be aware of potential hazards such as a car door opening or the presence of pedestrians
Wear a helmet and proper clothing
Be cautious in wet weather
Do not carry an additional rider unless you have a second seat and additional safety equipment
Do not grab onto objects or other vehicles while moving
Don’t use ATVs on paved roads and streets
Use 4 wheeled ATVs as they are less likely to flip than three wheeled ones