1. 3 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Using Recovery Manager

2. 3-2 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Use the RMAN BACKUP command to create backup sets and image copies Manage the backups and image copies taken with RMAN Commands BACKUP Block C.T. Inc. Update LIST REPORT DELETE

3. 3-3 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Issuing Recovery Manager Commands Interactive client –Enter commands at RMAN prompt. –Use when performing analysis, or when running reports or stored scripts. Batch mode –Use with automated jobs. –Specify a command file when starting RMAN. –Specify the log file name to capture session log. Pipe interface –Specify the PIPE command-line argument. –Use to communicate data between sessions or between RMAN and an external application.

4. 3-4 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Issuing Recovery Manager Commands (notes only slide)

5. 3-5 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Types of RMAN Commands RMAN commands are of the following types: Stand-alone command: –Is executed individually at the RMAN prompt –Cannot appear as subcommands within RUN Job command: –Must be within the braces of a RUN command –Is executed as a group Some commands can be executed as either a stand-alone or a job command.

6. 3-6 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Job Commands: Example Job commands appear inside a RUN command block: RMAN>RUN { 2>BACKUP AS BACKUPSET 3>FORMAT '/u01/db01/backup/%d_%s_%p' 4> DURATION 10:00 MINIMIZE LOAD 5>(DATABASE); 6>SQL 'alter system archive log current'; 7>}

7. 3-7 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. RMAN Commands: Overview Target database REPORT LIST Catalog database Enterprise Manager RESTORE RECOVER FLASHBACK SPFILE BACKUP Control file Archived log files RMAN Catalog maintenance CROSSCHECK DELETE…EXPIRED CHANGE Stored scripts

8. 3-8 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. RMAN Command Overview (notes only slide)

9. 3-9 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. BACKUP Command RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET 2> FORMAT '/BACKUP/df_%d_%s_%p.bus' 3> TABLESPACE hr_data; Backup set Data file 1 Data file 2 Data file 3 Data file 1 Data file 2 Data file 3 Tablespace HR_DATA Commands > BACKUP Block C.T. Inc. Update LIST REPORT DELETE

10. 3-10 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Backup Constraints The database must be mounted or open. You cannot back up online redo logs. Only “clean” backups are usable in NOARCHIVELOG mode. Only “current” data file backups are usable in ARCHIVELOG mode.

11. 3-11 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Parallelization of Backup Sets For performance, allocate multiple channels and assign files to specific channels. Data file 4 Data file 1 Data file 5 Channel MML Backup piece 1 Backup piece 2 Data file 2 Data file 3 Data file 9 Channel MML Data file 6 Data file 7 Data file 8 Backup Piece 3 Channel MML

12. 3-12 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13. 3-13 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Compressed Backups RMAN> BACKUP AS 2> COMPRESSED BACKUPSET 3> DATABASE; RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE 2> DISK PARALLELISM 2 3> BACKUP TYPE TO 4> COMPRESSED BACKUPSET; Compressed backup files Database files

14. 3-14 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Image Copy Copy of data file 3 Copy of archived log Data file 3 Archived log file Data file 3 Archived log file RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY 2> DATAFILE '/ORADATA/users_01_db01.dbf' 3> FORMAT '/BACKUP/users01.dbf'; RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY 4> ARCHIVELOG LIKE 'arch_1060.arc' 5> FORMAT 'arch_1060.bak';

15. 3-15 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

16. 3-16 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Tags for Backups and Image Copies A tag is a logical name assigned to a backup set or image copy. month_full_backupweek_full_backup Data file 3 Data file 4 Backup set Data files 1,3 Data files 2,4 Backup set

17. 3-17 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. BACKUP Command Options Check for physical block corruptions. Scan for logical corruptions and physical corruptions. Set a threshold on the number of detected corruptions allowed before aborting. Validate the target input files before performing a backup operation. Duplex the backup set. Overwrite an existing backup set or image copy. Pass control of the data transfer between storage devices and the data files on disk to the media management layer. Encrypt the backup files.

18. 3-18 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

19. 3-19 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Backing Up Archived Redo Logs Online redo log file switch is automatic. Archived log failover is performed. You can specify a range of archived redo logs to back up. Backup sets of archived redo log files cannot contain any other type of file. RMAN> BACKUP 2> FORMAT '/disk1/backup/ar_%t_%s_%p' 3> ARCHIVELOG FROM SEQUENCE=234 4> DELETE INPUT;

20. 3-20 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Backing Up Archived Redo Logs (notes only slide)

21. 3-21 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Whole Database Backup RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG; Archived log file copies SPFILE Control file Data file copies

22. 3-22 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. RMAN Backup Types A full backup contains all used data file blocks. A level 0 incremental backup is equivalent to a full backup that has been marked as level 0. A cumulative level 1 incremental backup contains only blocks modified since the last level 0 incremental backup. A differential level 1 incremental backup contains only blocks modified since the last incremental backup. Differential incremental backup Cumulative incremental backup Full, or "level 0 incremental backup"

23. 3-23 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

24. 3-24 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Differential Versus Cumulative A differential incremental backup contains all blocks changed since the last incremental backup. A cumulative incremental backup contains all blocks changed since the last level 0 incremental backup. Lvl Day SunMonTueWedThuFriSatSun Level 0 111c1100

25. 3-25 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Block Change Tracking The backup process can be streamlined by enabling block change tracking, which: Records changed blocks in a change tracking file Is used automatically by RMAN, if enabled Optimizes incremental backups by avoiding full data file scans during backup List of changed blocks Redo generation Redo log 1011001010110 0001110100101 1010101110011 Change tracking file SGA CTWR Commands BACKUP >Block C.T. Inc. Update LIST REPORT DELETE

26. 3-26 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Enabling Block Change Tracking SQL> ALTER DATABASE ENABLE 2> BLOCK CHANGE TRACKING 3> USING FILE '/mydir/rman_change_track.f' 4> REUSE;

27. 3-27 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Incrementally Updating Backups Incremental backup files Recovered data file Image copy of data file Image copy of data file updated to a more recent state RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF 2> DATAFILE {n|'file_name'} 3> WITH TAG 'incr_upd_df1'; Commands BACKUP Block C.T. >Inc. Update LIST REPORT DELETE

28. 3-28 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. LIST Command List backup sets and copies of data files: List backup sets and copies of any data file for a specified tablespace: List backup sets and copies containing archive logs for a specified range: RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 2> "/db01/ORADATA/u03/users01.dbf"; RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE; RMAN> LIST COPY OF TABLESPACE "SYSTEM"; RMAN> LIST COPY OF DATABASE ARCHIVELOG 2> FROM TIME='SYSDATE-7'; Commands BACKUP Block C.T. Inc. Update > LIST REPORT DELETE

29. 3-29 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. REPORT Command Produces a detailed analysis of the repository Produces reports to answer: –What are the data files in the database? –Which files need a backup? –Which backups can be deleted? –Which files are unrecoverable? Commands BACKUP Block C.T. Inc. Update LIST > REPORT DELETE

30. 3-30 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. REPORT NEED BACKUP Command Lists all data files that require a backup Assumes that the most recent backup is used during a restore Provides four options: –Incremental –Days –Redundancy –Recovery window Uses the current retention policy configuration if no options are specified

31. 3-31 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. REPORT NEED BACKUP : Examples Files that need more than three incremental backups for recovery: Files that have not been backed up for three days: Backup needed if there are not two or more backups already: Backup needed to recover to three days ago: RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP days 3; RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP incremental 3; RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP redundancy 2; RMAN> REPORT NEED BACKUP 2> recovery window of 3 days;

32. 3-32 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. REPORT OBSOLETE and DELETE OBSOLETE Find all recovery files that are deemed obsolete according to the current retention policy settings: List the obsolete recovery files, if no more than two backup copies are needed: Delete the backup set with a backup set key of 4: Delete the recovery files considered obsolete, because they have more than two backups: RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY 2; RMAN> REPORT OBSOLETE; RMAN> DELETE BACKUPSET 4; RMAN> DELETE OBSOLETE REDUNDANCY 2; Commands BACKUP Block C.T. Inc. Update LIST REPORT > DELETE

33. 3-33 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Managing Backups with EM Navigation aid: Database home page > Maintenance > Manage Current Backups

34. 3-34 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. RMAN Dynamic Views V$ARCHIVED_LOG V$BACKUP_CORRUPTION V$BACKUP_DEVICE V$BACKUP_FILES V$BACKUP_PIECE V$BACKUP_REDOLOG V$BACKUP_SET V$BACKUP_SPFILE V$COPY_CORRUPTION V$RMAN_CONFIGURATION

35. 3-35 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

36. 3-36 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Monitoring RMAN Backups Correlate server sessions with channels by using the SET COMMAND ID command. Query V$PROCESS and V$SESSION to determine which sessions correspond to which RMAN channels. Query V$SESSION_LONGOPS to monitor the progress of backups and copies. Use an operating system utility to monitor the process or threads.

37. 3-37 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

38. 3-38 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: Use the RMAN BACKUP command to create backup sets and image copies List backups and image copies taken with RMAN Report and delete obsolete RMAN backups

39. 3-39 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved. Practice Overview: Backing Up Your Database This practice covers the following topics: Enabling archival of redo logs for a database Using RMAN to display the database structure Using Recovery Manager to back up data files and the control file Using Recovery Manager to make image copies of data files Creating a compressed backup of a database Scheduling a backup job

40. 3-40 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.