1. AFAMS Interpret a Prescription Order (Dari) EO 003.03

2. AFAMS Purpose of Lesson (Dari) AFAMS Proper interpretation and processing of prescription is important in pharmacy practice. It requires skills and knowledge in order to transcribe the prescription order correctly and properly. Errors in interpreting a prescription order may compromise patient safety and overall health. در پركتس های فارمسی ترجمه و پروسس نسخه مهم ميباشند. اين تقاضای مهارتها و فهم برای روی نويسی كردن نسخه ها را مينمايد. غلطی ها در ترجمه نسخه به اساس خوب آن تضمين كننده صحت ميباشد. در اين درس معلومات را ترجمه نموده برای نسخه و تداوی كه در جريان اين دوره كه در اين كورس مياموزند را بياموزند. شاگردان نيز بايد تهيه يك نسخه را برای توزيع دوا بدانند.

3. AFAMS Purpose of Lesson (Dari) AFAMS Insert Dari In this lesson, the students will interpret information on the prescription or medication order using skills learned during the course. The students will also learn how to prepare the prescription for dispensing to the patients. This topic will be taught using a lecture format and students will be given a chance to practice these skills during an in-class assignment as well as during a skills lab.

4. AFAMS Overview of Lesson (Dari) (1) Brand, generic and chemical names of medications. (2) Routes of administration (3) Various Formulations (4) SIG codes (5) Perform basic pharmaceutical calculations AFAMS Insert Dari

5. AFAMS Names of Medications (Insert Dari)

6. AFAMS Generic Name (Insert Dari) Generic Name refers to a name applied to a unique medication chemical entity. Also referred to as the non-proprietary name of the drug. نام جنريک Generic Name نام كيمياوي بينظير يك دوا ميباشد.يعني اين يك نام غير اختصاصي براي يك دوا ميباشد.

7. AFAMS Brand Name (Insert Dari) Brand Name or trade name is a name trademarked by a pharmaceutical manufacturer for their version of a given drug product. نام تجارتی Brand Name or trade name عبارت از اسم است كه از طرف شركت توليد كننده بالای يک دوا گذاشته میشود.

8. AFAMS Chemical Name (Insert Dari) Chemistry based name of the active ingredient contained in the medication. Insert Dari

9. AFAMS Routes of Administration (Insert Dari) Insert Dari

10. AFAMS Definition: A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. (Insert Dari)

11. AFAMS Routes of administration can be divided into: T opical: Drugs are applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes, mainly for local action. Oral: used for systemic a whole body effect, substance is given via the digestive tract. Parenteral: A drug administered parenterally is one injected via a hollow needle into the body at various sites and to varying depth. Rectal: Drugs given through the rectum by suppositories or enema. Inhalation: The lungs provide an excellent surface for absorption when the drug is delivered in gaseous, aerosol or ultrafine solid particle form. Insert Dari

12. AFAMS Topical Route (Insert Dari) Skin Dermal – acts at the site of application. Trans-dermal - absorption of drug through skin. Mucosal Membranes eye drops (onto the conjunctiva) ear drops intranasal route (into the nose)

13. AFAMS Oral Route (Insert Dari) Enters the body through the mouth. It is intended for total body effect resulting from drug absorption through the gastrointestinal tract. Insert Dari

14. AFAMS Oral Route (Insert Dari) Advantages: Convenient - portable, no pain, easy to take. Cheap - no need to sterilize, compact, multi-dose bottles, automated machines produce tablets in large quantities. Variety - tablets, capsules, suspensions, liquids.

15. AFAMS Oral Route (Insert Dari) Disadvantages: Sometimes inefficient - certain drugs are not very well absorbed into the bloodstream. First-pass effect - drugs absorbed orally are transported to the general circulation via the liver. Drugs are then extensively metabolized in the liver reducing the amount of active drug circulating in the body.

16. AFAMS Oral Route (Insert Dari) Disadvantages: Food - Food and G-I motility can affect drug absorption. Often patient instructions include a direction to take with food or take on an empty stomach. Not suitable for unconscious patient - Patient must be able to swallow solid dosage forms. Liquids may be given by tube.

17. AFAMS Buccal/Sublingual route (Insert Dari) Some drugs are taken as smaller tablets which are held in the mouth (buccal tablet) or under the tongue (sublingual tablet). Advantages Avoid hepatic first pass - The liver is by-passed thus there is no loss of drug by first pass effect for buccal administration. Rapid absorption - Because of the good blood supply to the area, absorption is usually quite rapid.

18. AFAMS Parenteral route (Insert Dari) Insert Dari

19. AFAMS Intravascular (IV, IA): Placing a drug directly into blood stream. Intravenous (into a vein) Intraarterial (into an artery). Advantages precise, accurate and quicker onset. Disadvantages risk of embolism (blood clot). high concentrations attained rapidly leading to greater risk of adverse effects. Parenteral route (Insert Dari)

20. AFAMS Parenteral route (Insert Dari) Intramuscular : into the skeletal muscle. Advantages suitable for injection of drugs formulated for rapid action and drug formulated for sustained release. Disadvantages Pain at injection sites for certain drugs.

21. AFAMS Subcutaneous (under the skin), e.g. insulin. Intradermal, (into the skin itself) is used for skin testing some allergens. Intrathecal (into the spinal canal) is most commonly used for spinal anesthesia. Parenteral route (Insert Dari)

22. AFAMS Rectal route (Insert Dari) Most commonly by suppository or enema. Advantages By-pass liver - Some of the veins draining the rectum lead directly to the general circulation, thus by-passing the liver. Reduced first-pass effect. Useful - This route may be most useful for patients unable to take drugs orally (unconscious patients) or with younger children. - if patient is nauseous or vomiting

23. AFAMS Disadvantages Erratic absorption - Absorption is often incomplete and erratic. Not well accepted by patients. Rectal route (Insert Dari)

24. AFAMS Inhalation route (Insert Dari) Used for gaseous agents and aerosols. Advantages Large surface area thin membranes separate alveoli from circulation high blood flow As result of that a rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation.

25. AFAMS Disadvantages Most addictive route of administration because it hits the brain so quickly. Difficulties in regulating the exact amount of dosage. Sometimes patients have difficulties in giving themselves a drug by inhaler. Inhalation route (Insert Dari)

26. AFAMS Formulations (Insert Dari)

27. AFAMS Oral dosage forms Topical dosage forms Parenteral dosage forms Miscellaneous dosage forms

28. AFAMS Oral dosage forms: Tablet (Insert Dari) A tablet is a hard, compressed medication in round, oval or square shape. A coating may be applied to: 1- hide the taste of the tablet's components. 2- make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow. 3- make it more resistant to the environment. 4- extend its shelf life.

29. AFAMS Oral Dosage Form : Buccal and sublingual tablet (Insert Dari) Sublingual and buccal medications are administered by placing them in the mouth, either under the tongue (sublingual) or between the gum and the cheek (buccal). The medications dissolve rapidly and are absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth, where they enter into the bloodstream.

30. AFAMS Oral Dosage Form: Effervescent tablet (Insert Dari) Effervescent tablets are uncoated tablets that are intended to be dissolved in water before use.

31. AFAMS Oral Dosage Form: Chewable tablet These are tablets that are chewed prior to swallowing. -They are designed for administration to children or adults who cannot swallow other oral dosage forms.

32. AFAMS Oral Dosage Form: Capsule (Insert Dari) A capsule is a medication in a gelatin container. Advantage: mask the unpleasant taste of its contents. The two main types of capsules are: hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for dry, powdered ingredients, soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil. Soft gelatin capsule (Insert Dari) Hard gelatin capsule (Insert Dari)

33. AFAMS Oral Dosage Form :Lozenge It is a solid preparation consisting of sugar and gum. It is used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow administration of indigestion or cough remedies.

34. AFAMS Oral Dosage Form: Powder (Insert Dari) There are two kinds of powder intended for internal use. Bulk Powders are multidose preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness. They contain one or more active ingredients and if necessary, coloring matter and flavoring substances (i.e. fibre preparations, antacids). Divided Powders are single- dose presentations of powder (for example, a small sachet) that are intended to be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with water.

35. AFAMS Oral Dosage Forms : Liquid preparations (Insert Dari) Oral solution: Oral solutions are clear liquid preparations for oral use containing one or more active ingredients dissolved in a suitable vehicle. Oral emulsion: Oral emulsions are oil-in-water dispersions, either or both may contain dissolved solids. Oral suspension: Oral suspensions are liquid preparations for oral use containing one or more active ingredients suspended in a suitable vehicle. They may show a sediment which is readily dispersed on shaking to give a uniform suspension.

36. AFAMS Syrup: It is a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar, usually sucrose. Flavored syrups are a convenient form of masking disagreeable tastes. Elixir: It is pleasantly flavored clear liquid oral preparation of potent or nauseous drugs. May contain a high proportion of ethanol or sugar together with antimicrobial preservatives which allows for better stability of the preparation. Oral Dosage Forms : Liquid preparations (Insert Dari)

37. AFAMS Gargles: They are aqueous solutions used in the prevention or treatment of throat infections. Patients gargle the medication for a few seconds and then spit it back out. Mouthwashes: These are similar to gargles but are used for oral hygiene and to treat infections of the mouth. Patient are generally directed to swish the solution around in their mouth for 60 seconds and either spit back out or swallow the liquid. Oral Dosage Forms : Liquid preparations (Insert Dari)

38. AFAMS Oral dosage forms: How to Take (Insert Dari) Oral dosage forms are administered by mouth and swallowed whole (not chewed) unless directed otherwise. Usually taken with a glass of water. Formulations not swallowed whole: -Chewable tablets Formulations that may not be swallowed (i.e. spit back out) -Gargles -Mouthwash

39. AFAMS Topical dosage forms: Ointments (Insert Dari) Ointments are semi-solid, greasy preparations for application to the skin, rectum or nasal mucosa. Ointments may be used as emollients (protectives or moisturizers) or to apply suspended or dissolved medications to the skin.

40. AFAMS Topical dosage forms: Creams (Insert Dari) Creams are semi-solid emulsions, that is mixtures of oil and water. They are divided into two types: oil-in-water (O/W) creams: which are composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase. Oil-in-water creams are less greasy and more easily washed off using water. water-in-oil (W/O) creams: which are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous oily phase. These creams are more difficult to handle but tend to be more moisturizing.

41. AFAMS Topical dosage forms: Gels (Insert Dari) A gel is a solid, jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.

42. AFAMS Topical dosage forms: Lotions (Insert Dari) These are fluid preparations for external application without friction. They are usually dabbed on the skin and then rubbed into the skin

43. AFAMS Topical dosage forms: Patches (Insert Dari) A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types such as oral, topical, etc is that it provides a controlled release of the medication into the patient.

44. AFAMS Topical dosage forms : Aerosol Spray (Insert Dari) Several different types of pharmaceutical product may be packaged in pressurized dispensers, known as aerosols. May be used as surface disinfectants, wound or burn dressing, relieve irritation of bites.

45. AFAMS Topical dosage forms : How to use (Insert Dari) Applied directly to the affected area. Prescription instructions will describe how often and if the preparation should be applied liberally (large quantity) and sparingly (smaller quantity). Important that patients wash their hands before and after application.

46. AFAMS Rectal dosage forms: Suppositories (Insert Dari) It is a small solid medicated mass, usually cone-shaped,that is inserted either into the rectum (rectal suppository), where it melts at body temperature.

47. AFAMS Rectal dosage forms: Enema (Insert Dari) An enema is the procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus. Evacuant enema: used as a bowel stimulant to treat constipation. See product monograph for specific instructions on how to use.

48. AFAMS Parenteral dosage forms: Injections (Insert Dari) An injection is an infusion method of putting liquid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body. Liquids for injections are generally kept in vials or ampules. Some vials will contain powder to be reconstituted (sterile water added) prior to administration.

49. AFAMS Parenteral dosage forms: Intravenous Injection (Insert Dari) It is a liquid administered directly into the bloodstream via a vein. It is advantageous when a rapid onset of action is needed. Can be done using only a needle. For extended periods of administration an IV administration set can be used.

50. AFAMS Parenteral dosage forms: Intramuscular Injection (Insert Dari) It is the injection of a substance directly into a muscle. Many vaccines are administered intramuscularly. Depending on the chemical properties of the drug, the medication may either be absorbed fairly quickly or more gradually.

51. AFAMS Parenteral dosage forms: Subcutaneous Injection (Insert Dari) Subcutaneous injections are given by injecting a fluid into the subcutaneous layer, which is the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis. Vaccines and insulin can be administered this way.

52. AFAMS How to self-administer a subcutaneous injection (Insert Dari) Most commonly: insulin Very important that the patient using a clean needle each time they inject insulin. Insert Dari

53. AFAMS Inhaled dosage forms: Inhalers (Insert Dari) Inhalers are solutions, suspensions or emulsion of drugs in a mixture held under pressure in an aerosol dispenser. A dose of the medication is released from the container through a spring-loaded valve The patient then inhales the released drug through a mouthpiece.

54. AFAMS Inhaled dosage forms: Inhalers (Insert Dari) In some types, the valve is actuated by finger pressure, in other types the valve is actuated by the patient breathing in through the mouthpiece. It is commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory problems.

55. AFAMS How to use an inhaler (Insert Dari)

56. AFAMS

58. Inhaled dosage forms: Nebules and Nebulizer (Insert Dari) A nebulizer is a device used to administer medication to people in forms of a liquid mist to the airways. A nebule is the liquid contained in a vial that is intended for use with a nebulizer. The neublizer pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient.

59. AFAMS Inhaled dosage forms (Insert Dari) As a general rule, doctors generally prefer to prescribe inhalers for their patients, because: 1-These are cheaper 2- more portable 3- carry less risk of side effects. Nebulizers, for that reason, are usually reserved only for serious cases of respiratory disease, or severe attacks.

60. AFAMS Ophthalmic dosage forms: Eye Drops and Ointment (Insert Dari) Eye drops are saline-containing drops used as a vehicle to administer medication in the eye. Eye drops sometimes do not have medications in them and are only lubricating and tear- replacing solutions. Ophthalmic ointment & gel: These are sterile semi-solid Preparations intended for application To the conjunctiva or eyelid margin.

61. AFAMS How to use eye drops (Insert Dari)

62. AFAMS

64. How to use eye ointments/gels (Insert Dari)

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67. Otic dosage forms: Ear Drops (Insert Dari) Ear drops are solutions, suspensions or emulsions of drugs that are instilled into the ear with a dropper. It is used to treat or prevent ear infections, especially infections of the outer ear and ear canal.

68. AFAMS How to properly instill ear drops (Insert Dari)

69. AFAMS

71. Nasal dosage forms: Drops and Sprays (Insert Dari) Drugs in solution may be instilled into the nose from a dropper or from a plastic squeeze bottle. The drug may have a local effect, e.g. antihistamine, decongestant. Alternatively the drug may be absorbed through the nasal mucosa to exert a systemic effect.

72. AFAMS How to use a nasal spray (Insert Dari)

73. AFAMS

75. SIG Codes (Insert Dari)

76. AFAMS Commonly, medical and measurement abbreviations are in Latin terms. Latin terms are universally understood by healthcare personnel and the language is historically used by health providers in writing prescriptions. Terms and abbreviations are used to express dosing schedules, routes of administration, quantities and symptoms, as well as other information. It is important to understand the term definition and abbreviation in order to avoid confusion and interpretation error. SIG Codes : Medical Abbreviations used in prescribing ختصارات طبی كه در نسخه ها استعمال ميشوند معمولاً، اصطلاحات اختصارای طبی و اندازه گیری در زبان لاتين ميباشد. اصطلاحات لاتينی توسط پرسونل طبی در سرتاسر جهان قابل فهم ميباشد، از نگاه تاریخی اين لسان توسط عرضه کننده گان صحت در نوشتن نسخه استفاده میشود. اصطلاحات و اختصارات برای جدول های دوز بندی، طریقه های تطبيق، مقدار ها و اعراض و همچنان برای ارائه دیگر معلومات استفاده میشود. فهمیدن معنی اصطلاح و اختصار بمنظور خود داری از سراسیمگی و ترجمه غلط مهم میباشد. وقتیکه در شک میباشید، بهتر است که صحت بودن نسخه را همراه با داکتر تائید نمائید تا اینکه اطمینان حاصل شود که ادویه درست به مریض درست توزیع شده است.

77. AFAMS

81. Roman Numerals (Insert Dari) Still commonly used when writing quantities on prescriptions. Numbers 1 to 10 can be expressed in Roman numerals as follows: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X. Symbols are placed from left to right in order of value, starting with the largest. the numeral I can be placed before V and X to make 4 units (IV) and 9 units (IX) respectively X can be placed before L and C to make 40 (XL) and 90 (XC) respectively C can be placed before D and M to make 400 (CD) and 900 (CM) according to the same pattern

82. AFAMS Roman Numerals (Insert Dari) An example using the rules on the previous slide would be 1904: this is composed of 1 (one thousand), 9 (nine hundreds), 0 (zero tens), and 4 (four units). To write the Roman numeral, each of the non-zero digits should be treated separately. Thus 1,000 = M, 900 = CM, and 4 = IV. Therefore, 1904 is MCMIV.

83. AFAMS

84. Units of Measurement (Insert Dari)

85. AFAMS Common Metric Units: Weight Basic UnitEquivalent 1 gram (g)1000 milligrams (mg) 1 milligram (mg) 1000 micrograms (mcg), one thousandth of a gram (g) 1 kilogram (kg)1000 grams (g)

86. AFAMS Basic UnitEquivalent 1 meter (m)100 centimeters (cm) 1 centimeter (cm) 0.01 m 10 millimeters (mm) 1 millimeter (mm) 0.001 m 1000 micrometers or microns (mcm) Common Metric Units: Length

87. AFAMS Basic UnitEquivalent 1 liter (L)1000 milliliters (mL) 1 milliliter (mL) 0.001 L 1000 microliters (mcL) Common Metric Units: Volume

88. AFAMS Calculation Issues (Insert Dari) It is extremely important that decimals be written properly. An error of a single decimal place is an error by a factor of 10.

89. AFAMS ConversionInstructionExample kilograms (kg) to grams (g) multiply by 1000 (move decimal point three places to the right) 6.25 kg = 6250 g grams (g) to milligrams (mg) multiply by 1000 (move decimal point three places to the right) 3.56 g = 3560 mg milligrams (mg) to grams (g) multiply by 0.001 (move decimal point three places to the left) 120 mg = 0.120 g Common Metric Conversions

90. AFAMS ConversionInstructionExample liters (L) to milliliters (mL) multiply by 1000 (move decimal point three places to the right) 2.5 L = 2500 mL milliliters (mL) to liters (L) multiply by 0.001 (move decimal point three places to the left) 238 mL = 0.238 L Common Metric Conversions

91. AFAMS Measurement UnitEquivalent within SystemMetric Equivalent 1 tsp (teaspoonful)5 mL 1 tbsp (tablespoonful) 3 tsp15 mL 1 fl oz (fluid ounce) 2 tbsp30 mL (29.57 mL)* 1 cup 8 fl oz240 mL 1 pt (pint) 2 cups480 mL* 1 qt (quart) 2 pt960 mL 1 gal (gallon) 4 qt3840 mL Household Measure: Volume

92. AFAMS Measurement UnitEquivalent within SystemMetric Equivalent 1 oz (ounce) 30 g 1 lb (pound) 16 oz454 g 2.2 lb 1 kg Household Measure: Weight

93. AFAMS In-class Assignment (Insert Dari) You will have 5 minutes to complete each question before the instructor discusses the answers with the class. There are 5 questions in total. Insert Dari

94. AFAMS 1. Match the following Sig Code with it’s meaning (Insert Dari) A)Bid B)PRN C)UD D)O.D. 1)As needed 2)As directed 3)Twice a day 4)Into the right eye

95. AFAMS 1. Answer: Match the following Sig Code with it’s meaning (Insert Dari) A)Bid (3) twice a day B)PRN(1) as needed C)UD (2) as directed D)O.D. (4) into the right eye

96. AFAMS 2. Interpret the following prescription (Insert Dari) Blink Fresh gtts i – ii gtts O.D. qid prn

97. AFAMS 2. Answer: Interpret the following Sig code. (Insert Dari) Blink Fresh gtts i – ii gtts O.D. qid prn Mitte: 1 bottle Answer: Instill 1 to 2 drops in the right four times a day as needed. (Insert Dari)

98. AFAMS 3. Fill in the blanks (Insert Dari) A) IX = ______ B) _____= 25 C) _____= 54 D) XIV= ______

99. AFAMS 3. Answer: Fill in the blanks (Insert Dari) A) IX = __9__ B) __XXV__ = 25 C) __L IV___= 54 D) XIV = __24_

100. AFAMS 4. Write the abbreviation for the following terms. (Insert Dari) A)Three times a day B)Into the left eye C)Apply to the affected area D)At bedtime.

101. AFAMS 4. Answer: Write the abbreviation for the following terms. (Insert Dari) A)Three times a day – tid B)Into the left eye – O.S. C)Apply to the affected area - AAA D)At bedtime - qhs

102. AFAMS 5. Right the correct term for the following Sig codes (Insert Dari) A) sc B) caps C) ung D) iv

103. AFAMS 5. Right the correct term for the following Sig codes (Insert Dari) A) sc - subcutaneous B) caps -capsule C) ung - ointment D) iv - intravenously

104. AFAMS Pharmacy Calculations (Insert Dari)

105. AFAMS Prescription Quantity Calculations (Insert Dari) It is very important that the amount of medication to be dispensed is calculated correctly based on the prescription. This ensures that the patient receives the right treatment for the appropriate amount of time.

106. AFAMS Sample Prescription Calculation #1 (Insert Dari) Amoxicillin Capsule 500mg Sig: 1 cap tid x 10 days What is the quantity to be dispensed?

107. AFAMS Sample Prescription Calculation #1 (Insert Dari) Amoxicillin Capsule 500mg Sig: 1 cap tid x 10 days What is the quantity to be dispensed? Calculation: 1 capsule multiplied by 3 times daily = 3 x 10 days = 30 Answer: 30 capsules of amoxicillin 500mg چه مقدار بايد توزيع شود؟ محاسبه: 1 كپسول ضرب در سه وقت در روز= 3 x 10 روز=30 جواب:30 كپسوا اموكسسلين 500 ملي گرام

108. AFAMS Sample Prescription Calculation #2 (Insert Dari) Dextromethorphan 5mg/ml syrup Sig:1 tsp q8h prn x 5 days What is the quantity to be dispensed?

109. AFAMS Sample Prescription Calculation #2 (Insert Dari) Dextromethorphan 5mg/ml syrup Sig:1 tsp q8h prn x 5 days What is the quantity to be dispensed? Calculation: 1 tsp = 5 mls x every 8 hours in one day (3) when needed x 5 days Answer: 75mls of Dextromethorpan 5mg/ml syrup to be dispensed چه مقدار بايد توزيع شود؟ محاسبه: 1 قاشق چای خوری = 5 ملی ليتر ضرب در 8 ساعت در يك روز (3) در صورت ضرورت 5 روز جواب: 75 ملي ليتر شربت Dextromethorpan 5mg/ml باید توزیع شود

110. AFAMS In-class Assignment (Insert Dari) You will have 30 min to complete the following 5 problems. After 30 min the instructor will review the answers with the class. Insert Dari

111. AFAMS Problem #1 (Insert Dari) Atenolol 50mg tablet Sig:1 tab po od x 3 months What is the quantity to be dispensed?

112. AFAMS Problem #1 (Insert Dari) Atenolol 50mg tablet Sig:1 tab po od x 3 months What is the quantity to be dispensed? Calculation: 1 tablet to be taken once daily x 90 days (3 months) = 90 Answer:90 tablets of Atenolol 50mg to be dispensed چه مقدار بايد توزيع شوند؟ محاسبه: 1 تابليت در يك روز x 90 روز جواب: 90 تابليت Atenolol 50 ملي گرامه بايد توزيع شود

113. AFAMS Problem #2 (Insert Dari) Humulin N 1000U / 10 ml vial Sig: Inject 35U qam and 40U qpm x 1 month What is the quantity to be dispensed?

114. AFAMS Problem #2 (Insert Dari) Humulin N 1000U / 10 ml vial Sig: Inject 35U qam and 40U qpm x 1 month What is the quantity to be dispensed? چه مقدار بايد تجويز شود؟ محاسبه:75 يونت انسولين در روز و به مدت 30 روز =2250 يونت در يك ماه يا 2.25 ويال جواب: 3 ويال Humulin N بايد توزيع شود بخاطریکه نمی توان یک جز از ویال انسولین را توزیع نمود. Calculation: 35U + 40U = 75 U of insulin per day x 30 days = 2250U per month 2250U/ 1000U per vial = 2.25 vial Answer:3 vials of Humulin N to be dispensed since we cannot dispense a partial insulin vial.

115. AFAMS Problem #3 (Insert Dari) Morphine Sulfate 5mg Sig: i tab po q8h x 10 days What quantity is to be dispensed?

116. AFAMS Problem #3 (Insert Dari) Morphine Sulfate 5mg Sig: i tab po q8h x 10 days What quantity is to be dispensed? Tablet every 8 hours = 3 tabs per day 3 tabs per day x 10 days = 30 tablets

117. AFAMS Problem #4 (Insert Dari) Azithromycin 250 mg Sig: ii tab STAT and then i tab od for 4/7. What quantity is to be dispensed?

118. AFAMS Problem #4 (Insert Dari) Azithromycin 250 mg Sig: ii tab STAT and then i tab od for 4/7. What quantity is to be dispensed? 2 tablets now = 2 tablets 1 tablet once a day for 4 days = 4 tablets 2+4= 6 tablets

119. AFAMS Problem #5 (Insert Dari) cephalexin 500mg Sig: i cap qid x 7 days What quantity is to be dispensed?

120. AFAMS Problem #5 (Insert Dari) cephalexin 500mg Sig: i cap qid x 7 days What quantity is to be dispensed? 1 capsule 4 times a day= 4 capsules/day 4 capsules/day x 7 days = 28 capsules

121. AFAMS Labeling (Insert Dari)

122. AFAMS Labeling a Prescription Medication (Insert Dari) This will be covered in much more detail in EO 003.04. However, an example will be shown now in order to facilitate the upcoming skills lab for this lesson. In the skills lab you will receive a prescription and from that prescription you must create a label. This will require you to: (1)Interpret the Sig code (2)Calculate the quantity of medication required.

123. AFAMS

124. Questions? (Insert Dari)