1. Chapter Four, Section 2 Middle Colonies Patroons: Dutch colonists who owned large estates in New Netherland Proprietary Colony: colony where king gave one or more people land in exchange for yearly payment New York Colony:  Settled by Dutch; called New Netherland; NYC was New Amsterdam  Center of business & trade – large harbor and Hudson River made trade possible

2. Chapter Four, Section 2 Middle Colonies Had tradition of religious freedom Governed by strict Dutchman, Peter Stuyvesant 1664, England takes over King gives colony to his brother, Duke of York Duke changes the name to New York

3. Chapter Four, Section 2 Middle Colonies Royal Colony: Colony where English royal family directly controlled colony Charter Colony: Colony where monarch granted land to a person or business NEW JERSEY Originally part of NY Given to royal friends, Carteret and Berkeley as proprietary colony Settlers came from all over Europe Later became Royal Colony Valued religious freedom

4. Chapter Four, Section 2 Middle Colonies Quakers: persecuted religious group; believed all were equal in God’s eyes; didn’t recognize “nobles”; let women preach; treated all equally; pacifists Pacifists: don’t believe in war William Penn: wealthy Quaker  Monarchy owed Penns money  Offered tract of land in exchange for debt  Penn took it and name it Pennsylvania; a place for Quakers  Called it “Holy Experiment”

5. Chapter Four, Section 2 Middle Colonies Pennsylvania Dutch: Group of German settlers in southeast Pennsylvania; name came from German word for “German”, deutsch (doich) Cash Crops: crops grown to be sold Philadelphia: capital of Pennsylvania; “City of Brotherly Love” DELAWARE COLONY: Lower counties in southeast PN Large German population Asked for independence from Pennsylvania Penn granted it in 1704

6. Chapter Four, Section 2 Middle Colonies Middle Colonies known as “breadbasket” of colonies Farming cash crops Known for religious freedom Many craftspeople, too