2. Presynaptic Axon Terminal Postsynaptic Membrane Terminal Button Dendritic Spine

3. (1) Precursor Transport

4. ______ NT (2) Synthesis enzymes/cofactors

5. (3) Storage in vesicles

6. Synapse Vesicles NT Terminal Button Dendritic Spine

7. Synapse Terminal Button Dendritic Spine (4) Release Receptors

8. Synapse Terminal Button Dendritic Spine AP

9. Ca 2+ Exocytosis

11. (5) Activation

12. Quantum release Each vesicle contains one quanta of neurotransmitter (approximately 5000 molecules) – quanta release

13. (3) Transmitter Inactivation 1.Reuptake by presynaptic terminal 2.Uptake by glial cells 3.Enzymatic degradation 4.Presynaptic receptor 5.Diffusion 6.Combination of above

14. (6) Termination

15. (1) Termination by... Diffusion

16. (2) Termination by... Enzymatic degradation

17. (3) Termination by... Reuptake by presynaptic terminal Uptake by glial cells

18. (4) Termination by... Autoreceptors A

19. 2. Receptor Activation NS uses 40 families, act on 100 types of receptors; cause EPSPs and IPSPs, Neuromodulators cause, via 2nd messengers, more complex metabolic effects in the PSM. Ionotropic channel –directly controls channel –fast Metabotropic channel –second messenger systems –receptor indirectly controls channel ~

20. (1) Ionotropic Channels neurotransmitter NT Channel

21. Ionotropic Channels NT Pore

22. Ionotropic Channels NT

23. Ionotropic Channels NT

24. G protein: Protein Phosphorylation Receptor trans- ducer primary effector external signal: nt 2d messenger secondary effector Receptor trans- ducer primary effector external signal: NT 2d messenger secondary effector GSGS norepinephrine cAMP protein kinase  adrenergic -R adenylyl cyclase

25. G protein: Protein Phosphorylation R G GDP ACAC PK

26. G protein: Protein Phosphorylation R ACAC PK G GTP ATP cAMP

27. G protein: Protein Phosphorylation R ACAC PK G GTP ATP cAMP P Pore