1. What was the cause of racial tensions during the Progressive Era? Failure of Reconstruction – People wanted to punish Southerners responsible for Civil War – South was eventually controlled by racists

2. What was the cause of racial tensions during the Progressive Era?  Agriculture/Farming  Sharecroppers  Landless farmers who had to hand over portions of their crops to cover costs  “Exodusters”  Migration of thousands of African-Americans to Kansas  United with poor white farmers  Southern Democrats wanted to win over poor white farmers  Racism!

3. What was the cause of racial tensions during the Progressive Era? Disenfranchisement of Black Voters – 15 th Amendment: Couldn’t deny right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude Loophole: Could deny right to vote based on education, income, and family background – Poll taxes – Literacy tests – Grandfather clauses

4. What was the cause of racial tensions during the Progressive Era? Segregation – Jim Crow Laws Separate facilities, curfews, racist laws – Plessy v. Ferguson Upheld idea of “separate but equal” Violence – Mob violence against black Americans went unprosecuted – Lynchings – Intimidation

5. What are the roots of the Progressive Era? What is progressivism? – Loose collection of ideas and activities Goals of progressivism – Solve society’s problems – Industrialization and urbanization to blame – Government should help – Strong faith in science and technology

6. How did progressives bring attention to the issues? Muckrakers – Journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption Unfair business practices Meat and food industry Voting practices Political machines Poverty, disease, and crime

7. How did progressives reform the government? Government efficiency – Aimed to solve gov’t mismanagement Break down tasks into small parts Put experts in charge, not friends/supporters Commission plan – City divided into departments under control of experts

8. How did progressives reform the government? Laboratory of Democracy – Robert La Follette: Governor of Wisconsin wanted to change the way politicians were elected – Status quo: selected by party bosses – Direct Primary: party members vote for candidate to run in general election – Initiative: allowed citizens to introduce legislation – Referendum: citizens vote directly on laws – Recall: ability to remove elected officials before term was up – 17 th Amendment: direct election of senators

9. What other issues did progressives target? Women’s suffrage – Right to vote – Early struggles Unfeminine, immoral Other social problems like abolition Multiple women’s organizations split support – NAWSA: National American Women’s Suffrage Association United two main groups Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt 19 th Amendment: couldn’t deny right to vote based on sex

10. What other issues did progressives target? Child labor – 1900: 1.7 million under age 16 in workforce – Established laws Maximum hours Minimum age Better conditions Compulsory education – Consequence: wives had to start working?

11. What other issues did progressives target? Prohibition – Laws banning manufacture, sale, consumption of alcohol – Women’s Christian Temperance Union & Anti-Saloon League – Blamed alcohol for society’s problems Socialism – Government control of industry – Eugene Debs