1. Habitat competition between Canada Geese and Anseriformes members Erica Judd, Lindsie Parks, Vicky Harden

2. Do increasing populations of Canada Geese ( Branta canadensis ) affect populations of other members of Anseriformes in Oklahoma?

3. Some populations of Canada Geese have grown so large that there are organizations that strive to decrease their numbers by excessive hunting and pesticide use to keep them from destroying the local environment.

5. In the last 50 years flocks of Canada Geese have become established in many urban and suburban areas of North America.

6.  They graze on lawns as their primary food source.  Previous studies suggest that food passage rates through the digestive tract are maximized at the expense of efficient digestion (Owen 1972, 1975, Sibly 1981).  This indicates the constant need to graze and results in a large amount of waste produced.

7. Methods Christmas Bird Counts were collected for wintering birds in Oklahoma in the last 20 years. We chose to use wintering birds due to scarcity of food and the lack of competition for nesting areas.

8.  Regression analyses were done  Population of Canada Geese in OK  Population of other geese and ducks in OK  ANOVA was run on each group  To determine significance of population increase or decrease  Spearman’s rank correlation  Is there a correlation between Canada Goose population and other ducks and geese in OK?

9.  Regression analysis of Canada Geese shows a slight increase in population  ANOVA found no significance in this increase  P = 0.6332  Regression analysis and of other ducks and geese shows a decrease in population.  ANOVA found a significant decrease also  P = 0.0019

12.  Two-tailed correlation analysis done with significance level of 0.05  We found no significant correlation between the number of Canada Geese and other Anseriformes in Oklahoma (P = 0.517)

13.  Overall, we found no correlation between the increasing population of Canada Geese and the other ducks and geese in Oklahoma.  This provides some evidence that Canada Geese do not negatively affect the populations that compete with them for food in Oklahoma during the non-breeding season.

14. Other studies have shown that the grazing of geese has an impact on the nitrogen content and growth rate of some grasses. This would reduce the amount of more palatable grasses as well as the total amount of grasses available for consumption. It is unclear whether or not this would cause an increase in competition among Canada Geese and other members of Anseriformes. Correlations with the weather patterns, mean lake temperatures, and water quality should also be done in order to decide if one of these factors is having an effect on the populations. Quantitative measurements of the vitality and breeding success of all species of Anseriformes should also be done in order to justify the effect that Canada Geese have on them. Other Possibilities