1. COMMON LIFESTYLE DISEASES: OSTEOPOROSIS
EMS 355
By: Dr. Bushra Bilal

2. INTRODUCTION
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility

3. INCIDENCE
Osteoporosis is 3 times more common in women than in men partly because women have a lower peak bone mass and because of the hormonal changes that occurs at the menopause.

4. CAUSES OF OSTEOPOROSIS
low calcium diet
lack of physical activity
family history
gender( women are more likely to develop osteoporosis)
ethnicity ( white and Asian people are more likely to be affected by it)
excessive alcohol consumption
smoking

5. OSTEOPOROSIS FRACTURE
The most serious osteoporotic fracture is that of the hip
Hip fractures typically occurs from falls, but may occur spontaneously
Women are more prone, and incidence rates rise exponentially with age

6. DIAGNOSIS bone mineral density. DEXA ( a bone density scan) CT scan
X-rays( in severe cases, a spine/hip x-ray may show fracture or collapse of the spinal bones)

7. GOALS OF OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT
control pain from the disease
slow down or stop bone loss
prevent bone fractures
minimize the risk of falls

8. TREATMENT Stop unhealthy habits limit alcohol intake quit smoking
Prevent falls

9. DIET:
get atleast 1200 mg/day of Calcium and international units of vitamin D3 (it helps your body absorb calcium)

10. HIGH CALCIUM FOOD INCLUDES:
cheese
green leafy vegetables like spinach, collard greens
low fat milk
salmon
tofu
yogurt

11. Exercise Medications. It may include:
Biphosphonates(used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in post menopausal women)
Calcitonin ( slow the rate of bone loss and relieve bone pain)
Parathyoid hormones( for severe osteoporosis)