1. Why do we need a circulatory system?
supplies in
fuel (sugars)
digestive system
oxygen
respiratory system
waste out
CO2
need to pick up & deliver the supplies & wastes around the body
circulatory system

2. Complex organisms
Circulatory system
made up of 3 parts
organ
heart
tissues & cells
blood vessels
arteries
veins
capillaries
blood
red blood cells
plasma

3. left atrium right atrium right ventricle left ventricle
Vertebrate Heart
4-Chambered heart
atria (atrium)
thin wall
collection chamber
receive blood
ventricles
thick wall pump
pump blood out
left atrium
right atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

4. lungs heart body Circulation to lungs Circulation to body
Circulation of Blood
Circulation to lungs
2 part system
Circulation to lungs (pulmonary)
blood gets O2 from lungs
drops off CO2 to lungs
brings O2-rich blood from lungs to heart
Circulation to body (systemic)
pumps O2-rich blood to body
picks up nutrients from digestive system
collects CO2 & cell wastes
lungs
heart
body
Circulation to body

5. Circulation of Blood
Systemic Circulation – to body tissues
(Deliver: oxygen & nutrients. Pick up: carbon dioxide & waste)
Pulmonary Circulation – to lungs (for Gas Exchange)

6. Systemic Circulation Pulmonary Circulation Oxygenated Blood
left ventricle  aorta  arteries  arterioles  capillaries  venules  veins  vena cava  right atrium
right ventricle  pulmonary artery  capillaries (at alveoli in lungs)  pulmonary vein  left atrium
Systemic
Circulation
Pulmonary
Circulation
Oxygenated Blood
Deoxygenated Blood

7. Pacemaker (SA node)
Sinoatrial node (pacemaker), located in the right atrium, generates impulses for heart muscle contraction.

8. arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins
Blood vessels
arteries
veins
artery
arterioles
venules
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins

9. Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Aorta is the largest Artery
Arterioles are smaller Arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

10. Vessels that return blood to the heart from the local tissues
Veins
Vessels that return blood to the heart from the local tissues
Vena Cava is the largest vein
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Venules are smaller veins that bring blood away from capillaries
Open valve
Closed valve

11. O2 Capillaries Capillaries very thin walls
allows diffusion of materials across capillary
O2, CO2, H2O, food, waste
body cell
waste
CO2 O2
food

12. Blood Pressure
if systolic > 150 or
if diastolic > 90
The amount of force blood places against artery walls
Systolic Pressure: pressure when the heart contracts (top number)
Diastolic Pressure: pressure when the heart relaxes (bottom number)
Average adult BP is 120/80

13. Cardiovascular health
bypass surgery
Risk Factors
genetics
diet
high animal fat
exercise & lifestyle
smoking
lack of exercise
normal
hardening of arteries

14. Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells plasma liquid part of blood
Blood & blood cells
Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells
plasma
liquid part of blood
dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more
cells
red blood cells (RBC)
transport O2 in hemoglobin
white blood cells (WBC)
defense & immunity
platelets
blood clotting
Dissolved in the plasma are a variety of ions, sometimes referred to as blood electrolytes,
These are important in maintaining osmotic balance of the blood and help buffer the blood.
Also, proper functioning of muscles and nerves depends on the concentrations of key ions in the interstitial fluid, which reflects concentrations in the plasma.

15. RBCs
Transport Oxygen
Contain Hemoglobin: oxygen carrying protein
WBCs
Protect and fight against infection
Critical component of the immune system
Platelets
produce thread-like fibers which trap blood parts
Responsible for clotting

16. O2 O2 O2 O2 Hemoglobin Protein which carries O2
250,000 hemoglobins in 1 red blood cell O2 O2 O2 O2

17. emergency repair of circulatory system
Blood clotting
emergency repair of circulatory system
chemical emergency signals
platelets seal the hole
protein fibers build the clot
Inherited defect in any step of the clotting process causes hemophilia, characterized by excessive bleeding from even minor cuts & bruises

18. Why do we need a respiratory system?
Need O2 in
for cellular respiration
make ATP
Need CO2 out
waste product
food
ATP O2
CO2

19. alveoli Air passage way: Pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles

20. Important Structures
Epiglottis- a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea when swallowing
Larynx- “voice box” containing vocal cords
Trachea- the windpipe
Bronchi- passages through which air spreads through the lungs

21. Structure
Lungs: contain networks of bronchi that lead to tiny sacks called alveoli where gas exchange occurs

22. Moving gases into/out bloodstream
Inhale
O2 passes from alveoli to blood by diffusion
Exhale
CO2 passes from blood to alveoli by diffusion

23. Negative pressure breathing
Air flows from higher pressure to lower pressure, rushing into the lungs
inhale
exhale

24. Medulla oblongata controls breathing
Medulla oblongata monitors CO2 level of blood
It measures pH of blood (CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 carbonic acid
if pH decreases then increase depth & rate of breathing & excess CO2 is eliminated in exhaled air

25. Emphysema
A disease that progressively destroys the walls of alveoli most commonly caused by smoking.

26. Breathing and Homeostasis
ATP
Homeostasis
keeping the internal environment of the body balanced
need to balance O2 in and CO2 out
need to balance energy (ATP) production
Exercise
breathe faster
need more ATP
bring in more O2 & remove more CO2
Disease
poor lung or heart function = breathe faster
need to work harder to bring in O2 & remove CO2
CO2 O2