1.  Social Psychology Chapter 13

2.  Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

3.  Social Psychology The power of the situation can be harnessed for good, or for evil… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdTpU5WZHHM

4.  Social Psychology Powerful examples of the power of the situation…

5.  Social Psychology Powerful examples of the power of the situation… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fQnltrg6w

6.  Social Psychology Powerful examples of the power of the situation… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lDhA

7.  Social Psychology Powerful examples of the power of the situation… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgRoiTWkBHU

8.  Social Psychology Powerful examples of the power of the situation… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZwfNs1pqG0

9.  Social Psychology Social Thinking Attributing Behavior to Persons or to Situations

10. Fundamental attribution error – the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

11. Jones and Harris: Subjects served as “debaters” in discussion of U.S. attitudes toward Cuba and Castro.

12. In full view of other debaters, subjects were randomly assigned to read aloud debate speeches that were either pro-Castro or anti-Castro

13. Then these other debaters rated speech readers’ true attitudes toward Castro…

14. The Effects of Attribution Attributions differ: Some people blamed the New Orleans residents for not evacuating before Katrina. Others attributed their inaction to the situation—to their not having transportation.

15. The Effects of Attribution

16.  Social Psychology Social Thinking Attitudes and Actions

17. Attitudes Affect Actions Attitude – feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.

18. Attitudes Affect Actions Attitude – feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events.

19. Actions Affect Attitudes Role-Playing – When we adopt a new role, we strive to follow social prescriptions. In the famous Stanford Prison experiment, a toxic situation triggered degrading behaviors among those assigned to the guard role.

20. Actions Affect Attitudes Cognitive Dissonance – the idea that we act to reduce discomfort when our actions conflict with our attitudes (or beliefs).

22.  Social Psychology Social Influence

23.  Social Psychology Social Influence Conformity and Obedience Credit: Michael E Ray

24. Group Pressure and Conformity Conformity – adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

25. Group Pressure and Conformity Which of the three comparison lines is the same length as the standard line?

26. Group Pressure and Conformity Conditions that strengthen conformity: (1) The group has at least three people. (2) The group is unanimous. (3) The individual is made to feel incompetent. (4) Culture strongly encourages respect for social standards.

27.  Social Psychology Social Influence Why do we conform?

28. Group Pressure and Conformity After seeing Slides 1 and 2, participants judge which person in Slide 2 was the same as the person in Slide 1. Difficulty is manipulated by varying the time to view Slide 2 (5 seconds or ½ second)…

29. Group Pressure and Conformity And importance is manipulated by telling participants that they will receive $20 if they are the most accurate participant in the experiment (or not telling them this).

30. Group Pressure and Conformity

31. Obedience

34. The most fundamental lesson of our study is that ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive proces. - Stanley Milgram

35.  Social Psychology Social Influence Group Influence

36. Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others Social facilitation – stronger responses or better performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

37. Individual Behavior in the Presence of Others Deindividuation – the loss of self-awareness and self- restraint occurring in group situations that foster anonymity.

38. Alone Group Non-AnonymousAnonymous

39. Alone Group Non-AnonymousAnonymous 7.5% 20.8% 21.4% 57.2%