1. RADOMES

2. CONTENTS Radome ? RadarPrinciples Physical Fundamentals
Properties of EM energy
Types of Radomes
Case Study on Airborn Radome
Manufacturing
SOF tests & Qualification
Conclusion

3. RADOME The word radome is a portmanteau of radar and dome.
A radome is a structural, weatherproof enclosure used to protect an antenna.
The material used in building the radome allows a relatively unattenuated electromagnetic signal between the antenna inside the radome and outside equipment.
Radomes are used to protect the surfaces of the antenna from the effects of environmental exposure.

4. Radomes can be constructed in several shapes depending upon the particular application using various construction materials (fiberglass, PTFE-coated fabric, etc.).
When used on UAVs or other aircraft, in addition to such protection, the radome also streamlines the antenna system, thus reducing drag.

5. The measuring of a round trip time of a microwave pulse
Radar principle
The measuring of a round trip time of a microwave pulse
Transmitted energy & Backscatter

6. Physical fundamentals
The basic principle of operation of primary radar is simple to understand.
The theory can be quite complex, understanding is essential in order to be able to specify and operate primary radar systems correctly.
The implementation and operation of primary radars systems involve a wide range of disciplines such as building works, heavy mechanical and electrical engineering, high power microwave engineering, and advanced high speed signal and data processing techniques.
Some laws of nature have a greater importance here.
Radar measurement of the distance, the direction and the height of the reflecting object is made possible because of the properties of radiated electromagnetic energy.

7. Properties of electromagnetic energy
The electromagnetic waves are reflected if they meet an electrically leading surface. If these reflected waves are received again at the place of their origin, then that means an obstacle is in the propagation direction.
Electromagnetic energy travels through air at a constant speed, at approximately the speed of light, 300,000 km / sec
This constant speed allows the determination of the distance between the reflecting objects (airplanes, ships or cars) and the radar site by measuring the running time of the transmitted pulses.
This energy normally travels through space in a straight line, and will vary only slightly because of atmospheric and weather conditions. By using of special radar antennas this energy can be focused into a desired direction. Thus the direction (in azimuth and elevation) of the reflecting objects can be measured.

8. A Radome with compressed air

9. The radome top of the mountain
“Großer Arber” (Germany)

10. Radome made of fibre-glass reinforced polymer resin
(for an ATC-radar)

11. TYPES OF RADOMES GROUND BASED RADOMES (STATIC)
Wet Lay-up
Vacuum Bag
2. AIRBORN RADOMES (FLYING)
Autoclave Moulding
Resin Transfer Moulding

12. AIR BORN RADOME MANUFACTURING USING RTM
CASE STUDY
AIR BORN RADOME MANUFACTURING USING RTM

13. Nose Radome fitted onto the Modified Fleet of the
Jaguar Maritime Version (JMV) of IAF
Radome houses FCR(Fire Control Radar) Antenna system from ELTA-IAI, Israel
Material system: Pre-formed E-Glass fabric with high temperature epoxy resin system
Fabrication methodology: Closed mould Resin Injection Technique (RTM).

14. TOOLING
RADOME ASSEMBLY

16. SOF TESTS STATIC TESTS – HAL VIBRATION TESTS– NAL
LIGHTENING TESTS– CABS
ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTS – LRDE/ISRO/ELTA
FLIGHT TESTS – ASTE

17. Static Testing (Lift loading tree arrangements)

18. VIBRATION TEST SETUP

19. LIGHTENING TEST SETUP (HIGH VOLTAGE TEST)

20. ELECTROMAGNETIC TEST SETUP

21. CONCLUSION
Vacuum Bagging Moulding technique is best suited for larger surface area panels of Ground Based Radomes
RTM process is best suited for precession Airborn Radomes
Case Study gives the complexity of Multidisciplinary approach to be adopted for development & qualification of Radomes

22. THANK U