2. Unit 4 revision

3. Area of Study Knowledge and evaluation of the contemporary state of natural environments and the importance of healthy natural environments for the future of individuals and society Knowledge and evaluation of the contemporary state of natural environments and the importance of healthy natural environments for the future of individuals and society

4. State of environments What are our concerns? What are our concerns? Understand state of WP/MRNP/ANP Understand state of WP/MRNP/ANP You need to be able to assess the health of an environment? You need to be able to assess the health of an environment? What measures can we use to assess the health of a natural environment? What measures can we use to assess the health of a natural environment?

5. Overview of OES study Importance of environments. Definitions of biodiversity Definitions of biodiversity Importance of biodiversity Importance of biodiversity Importance for individuals Importance for individuals Importance for society (resources, research, medicines, intrinsic values …) Importance for society (resources, research, medicines, intrinsic values …) Be able to give explanations for the importance of environments for humans.

6. Biodiversity is important for our future If we lose biodiversity we lose some of our values If we lose biodiversity we lose some of our values Other problems may also occur Other problems may also occur Biodiversity is essential for humans in order to ensure effective food and production supplies. Biodiversity is essential for humans in order to ensure effective food and production supplies. Can effect our standards of living – undeveloped countries Can effect our standards of living – undeveloped countries Why else? Your own def Why else? Your own def I.e important as prescription drugs are derived from plants, others may be undiscovered I.e important as prescription drugs are derived from plants, others may be undiscovered

7. individuals Importance for individuals (psychological benefits, health, recreation, adventure, rest, inspiration, spiritual benefits, education …) Importance for individuals (psychological benefits, health, recreation, adventure, rest, inspiration, spiritual benefits, education …)

8. Society resources, resources, research, research, Medicines Medicines Intrinsic values (must be able to explain in relation to society Intrinsic values (must be able to explain in relation to society Education Education Q. from 2006 exam paper Q. from 2006 exam paper

9. Potential impacts on society of damage Human interactions and impacts have the potential to either diminish or enhance the state of the NE Human interactions and impacts have the potential to either diminish or enhance the state of the NE If damage does occur it influences things such as biodiversity and our values If damage does occur it influences things such as biodiversity and our values Also Also - job loss - $$ money needed to repair - Reduction in water and air quality - Increase in greenhouse - Climate change - Erosion - Less places for recreation and tourism

10. Potential impacts of significant environmental damage. Loss of biodiversity Loss of biodiversity Climate change Climate change Land degradation Land degradation Pollution Pollution Introduced species Introduced species

11. What causes potential impacts Impacts such as Impacts such as Destruction and loss of plant and animal diversity, soil and river erosion, other associated soil problems, economic problems, loss of native species, health of coastlines and fisheries.water bodies all damaged, loss of potential medicine Destruction and loss of plant and animal diversity, soil and river erosion, other associated soil problems, economic problems, loss of native species, health of coastlines and fisheries.water bodies all damaged, loss of potential medicine

12. Overview of OES study Safe and Sustainable interactions. Minimal impact actions Minimal impact actions Planning and preparation Planning and preparation Be able to tie minimal impact actions into particular environments and/or particular activities.

13. Area of Study two Sustaining Natural Environments Sustaining Natural Environments

14. Conflicts of interest. Conflicts – occur due to differing interactions and opinions Interest groups are formed to influence decision makers, they put strategies into action to influence and put pressure on; (don’t confuse interest groups and decision makers) Be able to write about a conflict. What it was about? Who was involved? What happened? Be able to write about an interest group. Who are they? How did they form? What are their aims? What have they done.

15. Methods to influence decision making. Direct action Direct action Lobbying Lobbying Petitions, letters and postcards Petitions, letters and postcards Use of media Use of media Research and publication Research and publication Meetings Meetings Partnerships and coalitions Partnerships and coalitions Be able to describe and evaluate these methods. What works and what doesn’t? What are the likely effects?

16. Decision making processes. Decision making processes. Consultative groups Consultative groups Legislation Legislation Management plans Management plans Use of the court system Use of the court system Police action Police action Political processes Political processes Regulations and zoning Regulations and zoning Environmental statement Environmental statement Management plan Management plan Apply for world heritage listing Apply for world heritage listing Know the pros and cons of these. Be able to target processes to real or imaginary scenarios.

17. Management strategies. Parks and reserves Parks and reserves Zoning in parks Zoning in parks Management plans Management plans Codes of conduct Codes of conduct Weed and pest species control Weed and pest species control Fencing, signs, education Fencing, signs, education Re-vegetation Re-vegetation Research Research Indigenous management strategies Indigenous management strategies Fire control Fire control Closing areas Limiting numbers Penalties Education Building infrastructure Eradicate introduced species Management of fire Wildlife corridors

18. Environmental policies. Local council policies Local council policies Business and industry policies Business and industry policies State government policies and laws (such as Flora and Fauna Guarantee [FFG] Act) State government policies and laws (such as Flora and Fauna Guarantee [FFG] Act) Federal policies and laws (such as Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act) Federal policies and laws (such as Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act) International treaties and agreements (such as World Heritage and RAMSAR conventions) International treaties and agreements (such as World Heritage and RAMSAR conventions) Know about one of these. What’s it for? What does it do?

19. ESD What is ESD? What is ESD? How do the area above aim to achieve ESD? How do the area above aim to achieve ESD? What are sustainable recreational activities? What are sustainable recreational activities?

20. Maintaining sustainable environments. Renewable energy options Renewable energy options Ecotourism Ecotourism Landcare, Coastcare, Land for wildlife Landcare, Coastcare, Land for wildlife Green architecture Green architecture Sustainability guidelines Sustainability guidelines What can individuals do? What can individuals do?