1. Warm-Up:  Write a homework reminder! Remember, you must include the analogy with the name of the organelle and function - do QUALITY WORK!  Update your table of contents! DateSession # ActivityPage # 2/6 & 2/9 3 Cellular Processes – Intro to STERNGRR 3

2. Quick Ticket Review  Cells contain organelles and each organelle has a specific function to keep the cell alive…lets see if you remember!

3. Quick Ticket Review Makes the energy for the cell

4. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

5. Quick Ticket Review Stores materials like water, nutrients and waste

6. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

7. Quick Ticket Review Sends proteins where they are needed

8. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

9. Quick Ticket Review Produces food energy through photosynthesis

10. Quick Ticket Review Semi-permeable barrier that controls what enters or leaves

11. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

12. Quick Ticket Review What does semi- permeable mean?

13. Quick Ticket Review Provides structure and protection in plant cells

14. Quick Ticket Review Liquid that supports organelles and holds them in place

15. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

16. Quick Ticket Review Builds proteins

17. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

18. Quick Ticket Review Controls the cell and contains the DNA

19. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

20. Quick Ticket Review Packages and delivers materials to make proteins

21. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

22. Quick Ticket Review Larger storage area found in plant cells

23. Quick Ticket Review Digests or breaks down materials

24. Quick Ticket Review What was the analogy?

25. Quick Ticket Review 3 organelles in a plant cell that are NOT in an animal cell?

26. Quick Ticket Review What is the function of the chloroplast?

27. Quick Ticket Review What is the function of the cell wall?

28. Quick Ticket Review What is the function of the central vacuole?

29. Review  Take it back a little further…

30. Quick Ticket Review The study of life

31. Quick Ticket Review 5 Characteristics of a Living Thing

32. Quick Ticket Review A living thing made up of at least one cell

33. Quick Ticket Review Organism made up of many cells

34. Quick Ticket Review The smallest unit of any living thing

35. Quick Ticket Review Organism made up of only one cell

36. Quick Ticket Review Type of cell that has a nucleus

37. Quick Ticket Review 3 Points of The Cell Theory

38. Quick Ticket Review Eukaryotic cells usually go with which type of organism?

39. Quick Ticket Review Type of cell that does not have a nucleus

40. Quick Ticket Review Prokaryotic cells go with which type of organism?

41. Quick Ticket Review Which organisms are Eukaryotic and Unicellular?

42. Quick Ticket Review What do all cells need to function?

43. Quick Ticket Review How do plant cells make their energy?

44. Quick Ticket Review How do animal cells make their energy?

45. 5 Characteristics of a Living Thing - Expanded Details  Organized Structure - cells & their organelles - DNA/genetic codes  Grow and Develop – making new cells, repair of cells  Respond to Environment – adapts, reacts to stimuli  Reproduction – cells duplicating; producing offspring  Uses/needs energy – photosynthesis & cellular respiration

46. Cellular Processes: The processes we will discuss…STERNGRR! 1. Synthesis (photosynthesis would fit here) 2. Transport 3. Excretion 4. Regulation 5. Nutrition 6. Growth 7. Respiration (cellular respiration would fit here) 8. Reproduction REFER TO YOUR INSIDE “CLUB CELL” NOTE GUIDE TO HELP YOU PARTICIPATE!!

47. S ynthesis  How organisms build necessary materials  Examples: Protein Synthesis: making proteins Photosynthesis: plants make food using energy from sunlight

48. S ynthesis  Main organelle(s) involved?

49. T ransport  How organisms get what they need to cells (moving materials within the organism)  Examples: Active Transport vs. Passive Transport

50. T ransport  Main organelle(s) involved?

51. E xcretion  How organisms get rid/break down their waste and balance their fluids  Examples: Removing anything unnecessary from the cell

52. E xcretion  Main organelle(s) involved?

53. R egulation  How organisms control body processes  Examples:  Important to homeostasis - to maintain balance within the body and adapt to changes Sweating – reduces body temperature

54. R egulation  Main organelle(s) involved? Sweating – reduces body temperature

55. N utrition  How organisms get or obtain food  Examples: Fungi decompose dead remains (decomposer) Plants make their own food (autotroph) Animals consume other organisms and absorb food (heterotroph)

56. N utrition  Main organelle(s) invovled?

57. G rowth  How organisms make new cells and develop and repair necessary body parts  Example: Increase in the number or size of cells (Mitosis) Grow – to get larger in size; body size Develop – to change due to hormonal or mental cues

58. G rowth  Main organelle(s) involved? Grow – to get larger in size; body size Develop – to change due to hormonal or mental cues

59. R espiration  How organisms make usable energy Example:

60. R espiration  Main organelle(s) involved? Example:

61. R eproduction  Organisms produce offspring to prevent extinction  Examples: Mitosis, Meiosis or Binary Fission Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

62. R eproduction  Which organelles would mainly be involved in these processes?

63. A Gummy Situation  We are going to use your gummy bear to demonstrate some of the cellular processes and vocabulary next class.  Name your gummy bear, and write the name on the masking tape.  Fill your container with water – enough to cover a gummy bear, but not so much that it will spill out when you place the bear in!  Put your bear in the water filled container, put the lid on, and put the masking tape label over the lid.

64. A Gummy Situation Part 1: Create a Hypothesis…  If I leave my gummy bear baby in water until next class, then…..because…..

65. Classwork/Homework: Work on your own illustrated set of analogies for the organelles inside an animal cell, and you must include: Name & function of each organelle! Illustration for each organelle we covered in class! Explanation of the analogy!  Example: If your theme was school: The principal would be the nucleus because they control the school and make decisions like the nucleus does in the cell.

66. Warm-Up:  Write your homework – get it stamped!  Put your Cell Analogies in the basket, or make sure they are submitted electronically!  What does each letter of STERNGRR represent? DateSession # ActivityPage # 2/10 & 2/11 4 STERNGRR Cellular Processes – In Depth 4

67. Cellular Processes Cellular processes are things needed to keep the cell alive! 1. Synthesis – as in photosynthesis 2. Respiration – as in Cellular Respiration 3. Transport Active Passive  Diffusion  Osmosis 4. Reproduction – as in mitosis, meiosis & binary fission

68. 1. Photosynthesis  Process that plant cells use to make energy! ReactantsProcessProducts  Carbon Dioxide  Water  Energy (sunlight) The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food  Sugars (glucose)  Oxygen

69. Chemical Formula for Photosynthesis  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy from Sunlight ---> 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 STOP & THINK:  Is this endothermic or exothermic?

70. 2. Cellular Respiration  Process animal cells use to make energy! ReactantsProcessProducts  Sugars (glucose)  Oxygen The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy  Carbon Dioxide  Water  Energy (ATP)

71. Chemical Formula for Cellular Respiration  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy STOP & THINK:  Is this endothermic or exothermic?

72. Turn & Talk: Cellular Respiration Question  Why do you breathe more when you’re running around than when you’re sitting watching television?

73. Cellular Respiration Answer Because you’re requiring more energy when you run than when you’re just sitting watching TV right? So if you need more energy, then you need more oxygen to give you that energy so your cells undergo respiration!

74. 3. TRANSPORT  Things have to move in and out of the cell  There are 2 types of transport Active Transport Passive Transport Remember: Which organelle allows things to enter or leave the cell?

75. Active VS. Passive  Materials are moved in and out of cell using the cell’s energy  Materials are moved in and out of cell WITHOUT using the cell’s energy Remember: Which organelle makes the energy for the cell again? What is that process called when the cell makes energy?

76. Passive Transport  The cell uses 2 main processes to passively move materials in and out of the cell. Diffusion Osmosis

77. Diffusion  Process by which molecules spread out Move from areas of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration BUT WHY??

78. Equilibrium  Molecules don’t like to be crowded, so they spread out, or diffuse, until their concentration is equal everywhere, which is called equilibrium.

79. Diffusion Demo

80. Turn & Talk: Diffusion Questions  What happens when you add Kool-Aid powder to water?  What happens when you keep adding water or when you keep adding Kool-Aid?

81. Diffusion Review Answer  The Kool-Aid begins to diffuse throughout the water until the Kool-Aid reaches equilibrium.  The Kool-Aid becomes less concentrated (both the color and the flavor) as you add more water, or more concentrated as you add more Kool-Aid.

82. Osmosis  The diffusion of water through a membrane Remember: Which organelle would store water in the cell?? Which organelle would the water have to pass through to enter the cell again?

83. Turn & Talk: Osmosis Question  Why do your hands get wrinkly when you’re in the water for a long time?

84. Osmosis Review Answer  When your hands are in water for a long period time you wash off the oily substance that keeps water from entering your skin. So once that oily layer is washed away your skin becomes semi-permeable and water passes through the membrane, which is osmosis. Your hands become wrinkly because they are trying to reach equilibrium with the water, but only some of your skin is actually attached to the tissue underneath!!  BONUS – it is an evolutionary adaptation that helps us grip wet objects!

85. A Gummy Situation Part 2

86. Let’s take a break and check on our Gummy Bear Babies…  Using the following vocabulary words, explain what happened to your baby: Transport (distinguish whether it is active or passive) Osmosis Diffusion/Diffuse Concentration Equilibrium

87. 4. Reproduction  What is the difference between… Mitosis Meiosis Binary Fission

88. 4. Mitosis - Asexual  The reproductive process to ensure an organism can grow and repair itself  New cell is an exact copy of original cell  Creates every type of cells OTHER than sex cells!

89. 4. Meiosis - Sexual  The reproductive process to ensure offspring are created  The combination of genetic material from 2 different cells  Creates sex cells ONLY!

90. 4. Binary Fission - Asexual  Most common form of reproduction in prokaryotic cells and some single- celled eukaryotic organisms  This is how bacteria replicate so quickly!

91. Turn & Talk: Mitosis & Binary Fission  Why do you think it is important for the DNA/chromosomes to be copied before the cell divides?  How binary fission similar to mitosis?

92. Tie it all Together…  For the cells to carry out all of these STERNGRR processes, what do they need?  How do we get that energy for them to use?  Do all foods give us the same nutrients and therefore amount of energy?  So, how do we ensure that our cells stay healthy and are able to function?

93. HOMEWORK  Bring in a nutrition label from any food next class…feel free to bring extras for those who “forget!”