1. APEC Then and Now APEC Then and Now Peter Drysdale The Australian National University Conference on The Catalytic Role of the APEC Process, Chiba University, 14-15 March 2006

2. 1. The Origins of APEC the rise of Japan and East Asia postwar global economic framework political and security arrangements in East Asia three great waves of industrialization: next? enduring context of economic and political transformation

3. East Asian and Pacific interdependence global interest and pluralism open regionalism: economic and political dimensions reinforcing unilateral reform Seattle, Bogor and Osaka 2. APEC and Open Regionalism

4. 3. APEC and the East Asian Idea financial crisis and trade logjam East Asian solutions emergence of discriminatory trade strategies hubs and spokes structural imperatives in East Asia and beyond APEC and East Asia?

5. 4. APEC’s Agenda Now dealing with the rise of China working on trade discrimination and reform beyond the Bogor goals behind the border back to APEC basics and support for domestic reform scale of the gains: five times the gains from trade practical ways forward consistent with APEC capabilities

6. 5. APEC and World Trade Efficiency

7. 6. Staying on Track from Busan to a single market the sequence of reform that suits getting the institutions right at home path finding and benchmarking strengthening the APEC process question of membership