1. CARBON Facts  Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are made of CARBON  You are made out of CARBON  Fossil Fuels (oil, natural gas, coal) are stored CARBON  Makes up 0.038% of the atmosphere as carbon dioxide  Proteins, fats and carbohydrates are made of CARBON  You are made out of CARBON  Fossil Fuels (oil, natural gas, coal) are stored CARBON  Makes up 0.038% of the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

2. the CARBON cycle  Plants, algae, and some bacteria remove carbon dioxide from the air and fix it into sugar  photosynthesis  Consumers eat Producers  Back into the atmosphere through cellular respiration  When consumers die, they turn into fossil fuels  Combustion, burning of fossil fuels  Plants, algae, and some bacteria remove carbon dioxide from the air and fix it into sugar  photosynthesis  Consumers eat Producers  Back into the atmosphere through cellular respiration  When consumers die, they turn into fossil fuels  Combustion, burning of fossil fuels

4. NITROGEN facts All organisms need NITROGEN to make proteins and DNA 78% of atmosphere is NITROGEN gas Nitrogen gas is so stable it does not readily combine with other elements Must be broken down first to combine with other elements

5. 1.Nitrogen fixation -conversion of gaseous nitrogen into ammonia (NH 3 ) -Nitrogen is fixed into a form organisms can use -Combustion, volcanic action, lightning, bacteria

6. 2. Nitrification -Conversion of ammonia to nitrite (NO 2 - ) and nitrate (NO 3 - ) -Soil bacteria perform this

7. 3. Assimilation - Plant roots absorb nitrate or ammonium and put these molecules into plant proteins and nucleic acids

8. 4. Ammonification -conversion of biological nitrogen compounds into ammonia (NH 3 ) -Begins when organisms produce nitrogen-containing waste (urea)

9. 5. Denitrification -reduction of nitrate (NO 3 - ) to gaseous nitrogen -Denitrifying bacteria reverse the action of nitrogen-fixing bacteria -Return it to the atmosphere