1. The Colonies Grow Unit 3.2, Part 2 Guided Notes Chapter 7 Section 2

2. The Mexican Constitution of 1824 In 1823 the Mexican Federalists overthrew the Mexican Centralist government and emperor Augustin de Iturbide, and Mexico became a republic, giving the states a voice in government. Federalists believed that power should shared between states and the national government. Centralists believed that power should be concentrated in the national or central government in Mexico City. Coahuila, one of Mexico’s new states, and Texas were joined into one state named Coahuila y Tejas. The capital was Saltillo.

3. Emperor Augustin de Iturbide The First Emperor of Mexico Ruled from: May 1822-March 1823

4. TEXAS – as a apart of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas.

5. Mexico Passes Colonization Law In 1824 the Mexican government passed laws to regulate colonization. The law: – limited the amount of land anyone could receive –allowed only permanent residents to acquire land. –No colony could be established within 10 leagues of the coast or 20 leagues of an international border

6. How State Colonization Laws Worked The state of Coahuila y Tejas passed a state colonization law in 1825. This law: –Encouraged foreigners to immigrate to Texas –A family received up to 4,428 acres –A single man received 1,107 acres. When he married he received another 3,321 acres. If he married a Mexican woman, he received a bonus of 1,107 acres. –For every 100 colonists brought to Texas, an empresario received about 23,000 acres. –The empresario had six years to bring in 100 families before a colonization contract was canceled

7. The Imperial Colonization Law Mexico passed an imperial colonization law that recognized slavery but outlawed slave trading –More than 2,000 enslaved African-Americans in Texas –Mexican government opposed it, but Anglo Americans argued that slave labor was necessary for business and profit –Less than 150 were free African-Americans by the time Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836

8. The Most Successful Empresario Stephen F. Austin received four additional contracts under the new laws. 1825 – settled 500 families within his first colony 1827 – The “Little Colony” settled 100 families north of San Antonio Road headquarters was at Bastrop 1828 - received special permission to settle 300 families in a 10-league zone along the coast. 1831 – Austin and Samuel Williams allowed to settle 800 families north and northwest of his first colony.

10. Why Austin’s Colonies Succeeded Austin skillfully dealt with Mexican authorities, and his colonists easily received their titles. Native Americans became less of a threat. Austin’s grants contained some of the most fertile and best-watered land

11. Green DeWitt, Empresario Green DeWitt was authorized to bring in 400 families He settled west of Austin’s first colony with Gonzales as their headquarters. By 1831 DeWitt had issued 166 land titles

12. Martín de León, Empresario Martín de León settled 200 families along the Guadalupe River Patricia de la Garza de León helped her husband found Victoria in 1824. She used her own dowry (wealth) to establish the first church in town

13. Other Empresario Contracts James Power and James Hewetson (1828) –Settled Irish Immigrants along the Gulf Coast. –Their central town was Refugio. John McMullen and James McGloin (1828) –Established a second colony of 200 Irish immigrants along the coast. –Their central city was San Patricio.

14. Women’s Roles and Education Women helped build houses, tend livestock, and defend their land against Native Americans. Women could not vote, hold public office, or serve on a jury. They could engage in land sales and sue for survivor benefits.

15. Women Role’s and Education Mary Austin Holley, cousin of SFA, wrote a series of letters about women’s hardships living in the colonies (see p. 178) Some settlers joined together to form private schools for their children In 1829, Thomas J. Pilgrim, opened the first school in Texas in San Felipe de Austin In 1830s, Frances Trask opened one of the first schools for girls in Texas, in present-day Independence.