1. LEARNING STANDARD VOCABULARY QUARTER 1
ENGLISH 234/235
Mr. Sanders
TEST = Friday
19 words
Some you already know…

2. MONDAY – 11/16/15 BELL-RINGER
Cite
Citation
Dynamic Character
Round
Foil
Static/Flat
Direct Characterization
Indirect Characterization
Pick 4 of these 8 words and write down what you THINK a definition & example would be.
8 new words
Test Friday
These words will show up on the district literacy assessment in December.

3. CITE
PART OF SPEECH = Verb
DEFINITION
To quote (a passage, book, author, etc), especially as an authority
EXAMPLE
-He cited the Constitution in his defense.
-I will cite the author Sanders in my paper about English and public speaking.

4. CITATION
PART OF SPEECH = Noun
DEFINITION
A quotation (direct or paraphrased) taken from a reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work
EXAMPLE
-There were dozens of citations from the work of Shakespeare in his paper.
-I used multiple citations in my speech from Sanders’ book Effective Public Speaking.

5. DYNAMIC CHARACTER
DEFINITION
A character that CHANGES throughout the course of a story as a result of the conflicts they encounter on their journey.
EXAMPLE
Ebenezer Scrooge & or The Grinch
(Miserable…. Generous)
Harry Potter (Regular Kid…. Wizard)

6. ROUND CHARACTER
DEFINITION
Can be dynamic, capable of change, and have Contradictory traits
EXAMPLE
Susie
never cuts anyone a break. She is against charity and compassion for others. However, she can never pass up a chance to feed animals in the park or be helpful to pets.

7. FOIL CHARACTER
DEFINITION
A character with qualities that are in CONTRAST with another character. The point is to highlight the traits of another character.
EXAMPLE
Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde
The Mask – Jim Carrey
The Hulk
…Similar to ROUND CHARACTER

8. STATIC CHARACTER
DEFINITION
-Opposite of dynamic characters; these characters DO NOT CHANGE
-Events in the story do NOT alter the character’s outlook, personality, motivation, perception, or habits.
Do NOT CHANGE (1-2 traits)
EXAMPLE: Scar - Lion King

9. DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
DEFINITION
The process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed by the use of descriptive adjectives or phrases.
EXAMPLE
The man, Joe Smith, was tall and stern looking.
Qualities are VERY CLEAR!

10. INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
DEFINITION
The process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through the character's speech, actions, appearance, etc.
EXAMPLE
“I can’t believe I hit my head walking in the door frame!” Joe exclaimed.

11. EUPHEMISM
PART OF SPEECH
Noun
DEFINITION
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing
EXAMPLE
“Pass away” instead of “Die”
“Few extra pounds” instead of “Fat”
“Being laid off” instead of “Fired”
SYNONYM
Polite term, substitute, alternative phrasing

12. DAY 2

13. OXYMORON
PART OF SPEECH
Noun
DEFINITION
A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction
EXAMPLE
Jumbo shrimp; Great Depression; Pretty Ugly; Living Dead, Clearly misunderstood, Small crowd, original copy, known secret, dark light

14. JARGON
PART OF SPEECH
Noun
DEFINITION
Special words or expressions that are used by particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
EXAMPLE
BTW = By the way; CYA = See you around; TTYL = Talk to you later
SYNONYM
Slang, idiom

15. CUMULATIVE Adjective Increasing or growing by successive additions
PART OF SPEECH
Adjective
DEFINITION
Increasing or growing by successive additions
EXAMPLE
The points in this class are not cumulative because we are on a 70% Summative and 30% Formative system.

16. TONE Author’s attitude (Ex: formal, informal, playful, serious, etc)
DEFINITION
Author’s attitude (Ex: formal, informal, playful, serious, etc)
EXAMPLE
Dr. Seuss used a playful tone in his book.

17. FORMAL TONE
DEFINITION
The writer is serious about the word choice and particular to the use of language
EXAMPLE
-Research papers; avoids slang; complex sentences; fully supporting arguments
-Writing to the school board or elected official

18. INFORMAL TONE Simple and colloquial (similar to spoken conversation)
DEFINITION
Simple and colloquial (similar to spoken conversation)
EXAMPLE
-Writer may use slang, jargon, and abbreviations
-Writing to your friends or BAE

19. EMERGE Verb To become known of apparent
PART OF SPEECH
Verb
DEFINITION
To become known of apparent
EXAMPLE
The theme became clear and emerged in the 2nd half of the novel.

20. RHETORIC
PART OF SPEECH
Noun
DEFINITION
Language that is intended to influence and persuade people. Effective writing and/or speaking. Helps convince readers/listeners of their point-of-view.
EXAMPLE
“I would die if you asked me to sing in front of class!” – Use of hyperbole to persuade others not to use force to do something you don’t want to do.
Ex: Shampoo commercial, a model says, “I can’t stop touching my hair!” This is to entice the viewer through visual and spoken rhetoric to have soft, shiny hair like her.

21. INTENDEND AUDIENCE Noun
PART OF SPEECH
Noun
DEFINITION
Who the author thinks will be the people reading or listening to them
EXAMPLE
Local Newspaper SJR = Intended Audience – People in Springfield, IL
Won’t be everyone in Springfield, IL but most
Won’t limit themselves to words a 5 year old would know
FOX News = Intended Audience - Republican & Conservative
MSNBC News = Intended Audience - Democratic & Liberal