1. UNIT B – ORIGINS & THE CONSTITUTION CHAPTER 3 U.S. Government

2. C H A P T E R 3 The Constitution SECTION 1 The Six Basic Principles SECTION 2 Formal Amendment SECTION 3 Informal Amendment Chapter 3

3. Chapter 3, Section 1 S E C T I O N 1 The Six Basic Principles What are the important elements of the Constitution? What are the six basic principles of the Constitution?

4. An Outline of the Constitution The Constitution sets out the basic principles upon which government in the United States was built. The Constitution is a fairly brief document. The Constitution is organized into eight sections: the Preamble and seven articles. The original document is followed by 27 amendments. Chapter 3, Section 1

5. Articles of the Constitution Chapter 3, Section 1

6. Chapter 3, Section 2 Formal Amendment Process The four different ways by which amendments may be added to the Constitution are shown here:

7. Amendments to the Constitution Collectively, the first ten amendments are known as the Bill of Rights. They set out many of our basic freedoms. Chapter 3, Section 2

8. Informal Amendment Processes The informal amendment process can take place by: (1) the passage of basic legislation by Congress; (2) actions taken by the President; (3) key decisions of the Supreme Court; (4) the activities of political parties; and (5) custom. Informal amendment is the process by which over time many changes have been made in the Constitution which have not involved any changes in its written word. Chapter 3, Section 3

9. Executive Action and Court Decisions Executive Action Presidential actions have produced a number of important informal amendments, such as the use of the military under the power of commander in chief. An executive agreement is a pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state. Court Decisions The nation’s courts, most importantly the United States Supreme Court, interpret and apply the Constitution in many cases they hear. Chapter 3, Section 3