1. “A Historical Look at Educational/Instructional Technology” EDTC 6320 Elvia Villafranca

2. Educational Technology
Introduction
Definitions
Educational Technology
Instructional Technology
History of Educational Technology
Educational Technology Today
Future of Educational Technology
Conclusion

3. Intro and Definitions of Educational/Instructional Technology

4. Introduction
According to Roblyer in his book “Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching”, educational technology is not something new at all. However, for many educators the mention of technology seems to bring to mind the use of some gadget or some electronic device and so essentially the mindset of educational technology is as if it were something fairly new. (Roblyer, 2003) Certainly educational technology is a much more of an integrated process but undoubtedly, as Anglin stated, “educational technology continues to be perceived as a field concerned more with hardware and software than with its applications for teaching and learning.”

5. What is Educational Technology?
National Academy of Engineering’s Instructional Technology Committee
Body of knowledge From
Application Science of Teaching and Learning
Real world of the classroom
Tools and methodologies developed to assist
1997 the AECT (Association of Educational Communications and Technology) Task Force
Defined Educational Technology
Complex integrated process
Involving people, procedures, ideas, devices and organization
Analyzing problems, devising, implementing, evaluating, managing solutions
Involved in all aspects of human learning

6. What is Instructional Technology?
Interchangeably Used with Educational Technology
Commission on Instructional Technology
Defines IT as:
Media Born of Communications Revolution
Used for Instructional Purposes
Along Side Teacher, Textbook, Blackboard
Systematic Way of Designing, Carrying Out and Evaluating Process of Learning and Teaching In Terms of Specific Objectives...
Gary J. Anglin in his book “Instructional Technology
IT Made Up of Things of Learning
Devices and Materials
Used in the Processes of Learning and Teaching

7. Educational Technology Historically

8. Historically Paul Saettler
“The Evolution of American Educational Technology”
Traced to Tribal Priests
Systematized Bodies of Knowledge
Cultures Invented Pictographs
Sign Writing to Record and Transmit Information
(Roblyer, 2003)

9. 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s Department of Audio-Visual Instruction – 1947
National Defense Education Act – 1958
Late 1960s Teacher Utilization
Audio Visual Media
1980s & 1990s
Increase Digital Technology Innovations
Over 1 Million Microcomputers
Elementary Schools
Secondary Schools
(Betrus, 2002)

10. Four Historical Perspectives Shaped Educational Technology
Media and AV Communications
Origins
Higher Education Instructors, 1930’s
Current Organization
AECT
(Association for Educational Communications and Technology)
Vocational Training
Industry Trainers, Vocational Educators
ITEA
(International Technology Education Association)
Computer Systems
Programmers, Systems Analysts,
University R & D, 1960s
ISTE
(International Society for Technology in Education)
Instructional Systems
Military/industrial Trainers, University R& D, 1960s-1970s
ISPI
(International Society for Performance Improvement)
(Roblyer, 2003)

11. Computer Technology Shapes History of Educational Technology
Pre-Microcomputer Era
1950 – 1st Instructional Use of Computer
– Universities Use Mainframe Systems
Late 1970s – Administrative Computing Systems
Microcomputer Era
1st Microcomputers Enter Schools
1980s – 1990s
Integrated Learning Systems
Internet Era
Birth of World Wide Web
1998 – ISTE Creates Computer Standards
2000 – Beyond – Multimedia Uses of Web Emerge
(Roblyer, 2003)

12. Educational Technology Today

13. National Educational Technology Standards (NET)
National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)
Develops NET
Educational Technology Standards for K-12 Students
Basic operations and concepts
Social, ethical, and human issues
Technology productivity tools
Technology communication tools
Technology research tools
Technology problem-solving and decision-making tools
(Roblyer, 2003)

14. National Educational Technology Standards (NET)
Educational Technology Standards for Teachers
Technology Operations and Concepts
Planning and Designing Learning Environments and Experiences
Teaching, Learning, and The Curriculum
Assessment and Evaluation
Productivity and Professional Practice
Social, Ethical, Legal, and Human Issues
(Roblyer, 2003)

15. Educational Technology & Self-contained Classroom
Proper use of Educational technology helps engage students.
Anglin, 1995

16. Distant Learning Past Rationales Printed Materials Supplemented
Videotapes
Instructional Television
Current Rationales
Correspondence Courses Replaced
Online Courses
Online Degrees
Future Rationales
Distance Learning
Interactive Video-and-audio
Virtual Reality

17. Distant Education
“Distance education encompasses many aspects of educational technology.”
“Distance education has become an operation analog of educational technology.”
Anglin, 1995

18. Digital Native/Immigrant
Digital Natives
Today's students K – college who are the “native speakers” of digital devices such as computers, video games, Internet.
Digital Immigrants
Those of us not born into the digital world but have adopted to learn the new technology.
(Prensky, 2001)

19. Digital Divide 1978 - Andrew Molnar
“The Next Great Crisis in American Education: Computer Literacy”
“Unequal access by students to the benefits of computer skills could further divide rich and poor.”
Lead to Term “Digital Divide”
Coined by Lloyd Morrisett
(Roblyer, 2003)

20. Future of Educational Technology

21. 21st Skills Students Student Outcomes Life and Career Skills
Learning and Innovation Skills
Information, Media, and Technology Skills

22. 21st Century Support Support Systems Standards and Assessments
Curriculum and Instruction
Professional Development
Learning Environments

23. Web 2.0 Global Community of Learners
Coined in 2004
Dale Dougherty, a vice-president of O’Reilly Media Inc.
“a read-only medium to one where anyone can publish and share content and easily collaborate with others”
Blogs
Wikis
Video
Photo sharing
Podcasts
Social bookmarking

24. Technology Extended Second Life Cloud Computing Virtual Worlds
Holograms
Cloud Computing
Central Shared Access
Resources
Data

25. Conclusion
Undoubtedly, both educational and instructional technology have certainly come a long way and will continue to grow in popularity as our technology continues to penetrate into almost every aspect of our daily lives. Still, the significance of educational and instructional technology will undoubtedly become more evident as we strive towards 21st century teaching to prepare students to become ready for the challenges required of them in the 21st century.

26. Works Cited 21st Century Skills
Anglin, G. J. (1995). Instructional Technology: Past, present, and future (2nd Edition ed.). (S. Haenel, Ed.) Englewood, Colorado, United States: Libraries Unlimited, Inc.
Betrus, A. K., & Molenda, M. (2002). Historical evolution of instructional technology in teacher education programs. TechTrends , 46 (5),
Eckstein, M. (2009). Enrichment 2.0 Gifted and talented education for the 21st century. Gifted Child Today , 32 (1),
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants. On the Horizon , 9 (5), 1-6.
Roblyer, M. D. (2003). Integrating educational technology into teaching (3rd Edition ed.). (D. A. Stollenwerk, Ed.) Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United States: Pearson Education, Inc.
21st Century Skills

27. Pictures
Silva, Elvia Sole owner of all graphic images.