1. Chemical examination of meat & meat product Chemical examination of meat & meat product

2. Chemical examination of meat & meat product  Dr. / Fahim Shaltout  Professor of Meat Hygiene  Food Control Department  Faculty of Veterinary Medicine  Benha University, Egypt.  Email: fahimshaltout@hotmail.com fahimshaltout@hotmail.com

3. list of most chemical tests list of most chemical tests 1- detection of Ab residues. 2- Estimation of moisture content. 3- Estimation of fat content. 4- Estimation of protein content. 5- Estimation of free fatty acids. 6- Estimation of pig fat (Lard) 7- Detection of animal species. 8- Detection of addition of chemical preservatives

4. 1- Detection of Ab residue in meat & meat product. The principle of this test consist of an Inhibition of growth of an Ab-sensitive Test strain by inhibitory substance in The sample. This detected by formation of an Inhibitory zone.

5. Test strain used is B. subtilis. - we perform the test in acid & alkaline medium at pH 6 & 8 as some Ab have greater effect at lowered pH as tetracycline, tylosin & erythromycin. An inhibition zone around the sample of 2mm or more is positive less than 1mm is negative & 1-2mm is doubtful result. Test strain used is B. subtilis. - we perform the test in acid & alkaline medium at pH 6 & 8 as some Ab have greater effect at lowered pH as tetracycline, tylosin & erythromycin. An inhibition zone around the sample of 2mm or more is positive less than 1mm is negative & 1-2mm is doubtful result.

6. There are number of method used in Determination of moisture content. There are 2 official methods : 1- Drying to constant weight at 95-100 Under pressure not exceed 100 mmHg 2- Drying over H2so4 in vacuum desiccator At a pressure not more than 10mm Hg to A constant weight. Determination of moisture content.

7. Estimation of fat content. This done by soxhelt method. By extraction of meat fat by using of fat Solvent as ether. Then calculate fat percent.

8. Estimation of protein content. By using Kyldehal method Estimation of free F.As As free F.As indicate rancidity. Thiobarbituric acid test Thiobarbituric acid test Saponification number Reichert meissel number.

9. Detection of lard. By making some tests as : 1- specific gravity. 2- melting point ( 42-48 ). 3- Refractive index. 4- Iodine value ( 51-70 ). 5- Saponification number. 6- Reichert meissel number.

10. Detection of animal species By using precipitation test. It is biological method for differentiation Between meat of different species. It's idea based upon that if foreign protein (Ag) injected into rabbit, specific Ab will be formed against the injected protein. This test is applied by using un known diluted Ag (meat extract) against known Un diluted Ab (serum containing Ab).

11. Valuable for identification of fresh, frozen & pickled meat. In smoked meat or cooked test is useful provided that Temperature in the center not exceed 70 otherwise Coagulated & result will be doubtful But confusion occur in case of meat which are Close to each other as (Horse- donkey) ( Sheep – goat ) N.B

12. Detection of chemical preservatives As some chemical which added to meat To increase shelf life time which may be Harmful to human. As : Sulfite, Nitrate, Nitrite, Nacl, Starch

13. Detection of Addition of water By using of Feder's number. -Not more than 4 in minced meat from cattle -Or 4.5 in minced meat from pork -Or 4.5 in minced meat from pork

14. Detection of Horse meat. By using of : 1- Sulphoric acid test. 2- Ehrlich test. 3- Glycogen test.

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