1. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Ministry of Energy, Thailand
Thai Experiences :
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Amnuay Thongsathitya
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
Ministry of Energy, Thailand
28 August 2006

2. Strategy for Efficient Use of Energy
Thailand Energy Strategies for Economic Development
Strategy for Efficient Use of Energy
Reduce Energy Elasticity from 1.4:1 to 1:1 by 2007
Strategy for Renewable Energy Development
Increase share of RE from 0.5% to 8% of total final energy by 2011
Strategy for Energy Security
Ensure sufficient and reliable energy supply for at least 30 yrs

3. Energy Situation in Thailand
Energy consumption : 51% Electricity, 49% Oil
2005 Thailand’s energy cost 1,150 billionBTH, 15.7% of GDP
Hydro 3%
Coal 13%
Oil 49%
Primary energy
consumption
Natural gas 35%
90% import
Power generation
ในปีที่ผ่านมา ประเทศไทยใช้พลังงานไปกว่า 1 ล้านล้านบาท คิดเป็น 15% ของ GDP
50% ของการใช้เป็นน้ำมัน และอีก 50% เป็นไฟฟ้า
ภาคสาขาที่ใช้พลังงานมากที่สุดคือภาคขนส่ง 37% ตามมาติดๆ ด้วยภาคอุตสาหกรรม 36%
สำหรับไฟฟ้าเชื้อเพลิงส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้เป็น ก๊าซธรรมชาติประมาณคร่าวๆ 70% ครับ
สิ่งที่ชี้ให้เห็น ณ ปัจจุบันก็คือการใช้พลังงานในประเทศยังมีประสิทธิภาพไม่ดีพอ โดยเฉพาะภาคขนส่ง
Agriculture 6%
Industrial
36%
Logistic/transportation
37%
Consumption by Sector
Resident & Commercial 21%

4. Renewable Energy

5. RE Development Target by 2011
Facilitator
Target 3,238 MW
Existing 1,841 MW
Incentive 1%
Power
Generation
RPS/Feed In
5% RPS MW
Feed-In Law 1,257 MW
- Biomass/Mini Hydro
MSW/Wind/PV
R&D RE 3% RE 8% 4%
Target 3,910 ktoe
Existing 1,440 Ktoe
Process
Heat
Ethanol
Target ML/day
Existing 0.4 ML/day
Bio diesel
Target ML/day
Existing 0.3 ML/day
ปรับสี ให้ contrast หน่อย 3%
Bio-Fuel
Remark : Existing as June 2006
2005
2011

6. Renewable Energy Development
1. Research and Demonstration
Prototype
Innovation
Increase Efficient
Increase local content
Reduce investment cost
Demonstration
Future technology
Increase eff.
Decrease cost
Present Technology
government /Private Sector
2. Promote Community Energy development
Knowledge
Base Center
Community Sector

7. Renewable Energy Development
3. Market Stimulation
Incentive/Policy support
SPP, VSPP, RPS
IPPs
Private Sector
Invest
Feed-In Law
Power Producer
Develop Initiate
market
Private Sector
Community Sector
Invest
Incentive
Government
EGAT
4. Establishment on National Committee RE
4.1 National RE Development and Promotion Committee
4.2 National Bio-Fuel Development and Promotion Committee

8. Current RE Power Generation Situation
43 MW
(0.55 MW)
2,800 MW
(1, MW)
Wind
Biomass
Wind farm in south area of Thailand
Hybrid with diesel
-Sugarcane Industry
-Biomass power plant
-Community power plant
10 MW
(4.60 MW)
200 MW
(44.33 MW)
Biogas
Hydro
Biogas in livestock farm and Agro-industry
mini/micro hydro plant
100 MW
(4.25 MW)
MSW
85 MW
(25.48 MW)
Photovoltaic
- Bangkok
- Municipality
- Industry estate
- Remote area
Roof top
Industry

9. Thailand RE Incentive Measure
RPS (Renewable Portfolio Standard)
Biomass SPP
New conventional power plant form fossil fuel must provide electricity form REat least 5% of the new installed capacity.
By year 2011, RE power plant 140 MW from EGAT
Bidding top up tariff
Avg Baht/kWh
38 Projects, 915 MW
RE VSPP
Net Metering, > 1MW
MEA, PEA, Expand to 6 MW
17 sites, 7.13 MW
1.17 Baht/kWh (off peak)
2.99 Baht/kWh (on peak)
Feed-in Tariff
Set the premium selling price regulation for each renewable energy resources
Other Incentive Measure
Tax incentive
- Excise tax exemption
- Oil fund
Soft loan (2+12 Billion Baht)

10. Biomass SPP Project Total 38 914.30 396.70 Biomass Type
No. of projects
Installed Capacity
Grid Connected
(MW)
Bagasse 22
536.20
169.30
Rice Husk 6
85.90
54.00
Rice Husk & Waste wood 3
60.80
35.20
Rice Husk, Bagasse & Waste wood 4
108.80
62.20
Bark, Waste wood & Black Liquored 1
87.20
50.00
Black Liquored
32.90
25.00
MSW
2.50
1.00
Total 38
914.30
396.70
Biomass SPP Project

11. 15 VSPP Projects has been applied including
PV projects KW
MSW project 1, KW
Biomass/Biogas project 7, KW
Total , KW

12. Current RE Process Heat Situation
245 ktoe
(40 ktoe)
Biogas
Waste water from
- Starch, Food, Palm Industry
- Palm, Rubber, Paper Industry
- Ethanol, Bio-diesel Industry
3,660 ktoe
(1,400 ktoe)
Biomass
- Sugarcane Industry
Palm oil industry
High efficiency stove
Gasification
5 ktoe
(> 0.1 ktoe)
Solar
Solar hot water
Solar Dryer
Solar Absorption cooling

13. Current Bio-fuel Situation
Gasohol
Target: Ethanol 3 ML/day
in 2011 (E10)
3.0 ML/d
Saving 13,000 M Baht/yr
ML/d
Existing
0.4 ML/d
Domestic and imported feedstock;
Molasses, cassava, sugar cane
Governmental Organizations
obligated to use Gasohol
Regulated by
National Biofuel Committee
Bio-diesel
ML/d
Target: Bio-diesel 8.5 ML/day
in (B10)
เพิ่ม ผลทดแทน (บาท)
8.5 ML/d
Saving 27,000 M Baht/yr
Existing
0.3 ML/d
Bio-diesel
Expand plantation area of Oil Palm
and Jatropha, totaling > 6 MRai
Diesel
Funding by government’s SPV

14. Ethanol 1.0 M L/d Ethanol 3.0 ML/d
Gasohol Strategic Plan
Ethanol
1.0 M L/d
Ethanol
3.0 ML/d
Cabinet Resolution
9 Dec. 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2009
2008
2010
2011
Phase I
MTBE replacement
Phase II
Gasohol Mandate
Formulated policy on fade out MTBE in ULG 95 and promote Gasohol 91 in some areas
Spec. of Gasohol 95 & 91
Emission test on using Gasohol 95
Defined gasohol use in Spec. of new vehicle procurement
Requested governments’ vehicles to refill gasohol
Gasohol Strategic Plan
Ministry of Energy has propose the Gasohol Strategic plan to the government and get the approval from the cabinet on December 9, The plan is targeted to promote the use of ethanol by blending with gasoline at 10% by volume or E10 upto 1.0 million liters per day and will increase to 3.0 million liters per day by the year According to this road map, the government has already issued the specification of gasohol 95 (E10). Next, the specification of gasohol 91(E10) to replace unlead gasoline 91 is drafting.
Formulate policy on utilizing High Performance Vehicles for E10 and FFV
Cab. Res. 18 May 04

15. Governmental Organization to Promote Ethanol Utilization
PAST: National Ethanol Committee (NEC)
1. Proposing the policies and plans for the management and development of Ethanol in Thailand to the Cabinet.
2. Establishing criteria, measures, and conditions for the production, procurement, import, export, pricing, sale, distribution, storage, development, and promotion of ethanol to ensure consistency with national ethanol policies and plans
3. Ensuring that work plan on ethanol conform to national ethanol policies and plans, and the changing environment, and etc.
PRESENT: National Bio-fuel Development and Promotion Committee
(NBDPC)
Responsible for policy direction, regulation and implementation of bio-fuels in Thailand.
NEC conveyed all of its missions and authorization to NBDPC.

16. Ethanol Production Plant
Producers
Capacity
(L/Day)
Actual production
1. Thai Alcohol
100,000
90,000
2. Thai Agro Energy
150,000
130,000
3. Thai Nguan Ethanol
4. Khon-Kaen Alcohol
80,000
Total
480,000
400,000

17. Current Status of Ethanol Production and Utilization
24 ethanol plant concessions have been approved of total 4.87 ML/d
4 existing ethanol plants of total 0.48 ML/d
Another 4 ethanol plants of total 0.61 ML/d will be ready by the end of 2006
9 oil companies distributing Gasohol Octane 95 via 3,157 gas service stations;
Bangchak is the pioneer on distributing Gasohol Octane 91 through about 180 stations only in Bangkok areas
As of June 2006 , total gasohol volume sale was about 3.5 million litres per day
Gasohol Demand 4
3.5 3
2.5
Amonut (Million liters / day) 2
1.5 1
0.5
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Ref:
2004
2005
2006

18. Current Fuel Stations (Gasohol )
Oil Companies
DEC’
2005
JAN’
2006
FEB’
MAR’
APR’
MAY
JUNE
PTT
1,204
1,209
1,207
1,205
1,202
1,200
Bangchak
659
664
677
681
691
696
693
SHELL
536
545
546
552
TPI 39 38
CALTEX
130
170
179
204
212
229
239
JET 63 77
ESSO
200
203
230
249
270
273
312
PETRONAS 15 17 19 24 27 37
Susco 11 9
TOTAL
2,857
2,935
2,982
3,030
3,077
3,157

19. Action Plan on Bio-diesel Utilization Promotion and Development
Community Scale development and B100 Specification Establishment
Commercial Scale of B100 Production and Utilization of B5 in the South and the Central Part of Thailand
Substitute B100 to
10% Diesel
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
Raw Material
0.26
0.6
0.67
1.07
1.40
Bio-diesel Production
(ML/d)
0.03
0.06
0.36
0.46
0.76
1.76
3.96
8.50
Utilization
1.2 7 9 15 35 79 85
R&D
Expanding palm oil cultivation areas: 4 million Rai in Thailand and 1 million Rai in neighbouring countries
R&D on yield of palm oil (2.7 to 3.3 ton/Rai/year)
1 Hectare= 6.25 Rai
R&D on yield of Jatropha (0.4 to 1.2 ton/Rai/year)
Expanding Jatropha Cultivation Areas
ไบโอดีเซล
18.19
Community-based
Commercial-based
Intensive R&D on enhancing values of by-products from bio-diesel production

20. Raw Material Provision
3 measures to boost up raw materials for bio-diesel
Promoting 4 million Rai cultivation areas of oil palm, particularly in the South and the East.
Promoting 1 million Rai cultivation areas of oil palm in neighboring countries or importing CPO
Promoting R&D on Jatropha Curcas and other oil crops
! Hectare = 6.25 Rai
Raw Material
B ML/d from Jatropha and others
Bio-diesel (ML/d)
B100 substitution to 10% diesel in 2012
B ML/d from oil palm in neighboring countries
B5 utilization throughout Thailand
Initiatives on B5 in the South and the Central
B ML/d from domestic oil palm cultivation

21. Bio-diesel (B100) Production Plant
Producers
Capacity
(L/Day)
Actual production
1. Thai Bio-diesel Oil
200,000
100,000
2. Vegetable Oil Siam
30,000
3. Golden Bio-diesel
4. Racha Bio-diesel
50,000
5. Suk somboon Oil
48,000
20,000
6. Energy Plus
4,000
3,000
7. Prasan Kung Thong
6,000
5,000
Total
658,000
308,000

22. Energy Consumption Outlook 2020
Unit: KBD Crude Oil Equivalent
3,650 2%
CAGR 4.3%
’05-’20
0.88 GDP
10%
CAGR 6%
’00-’05
1.2 GDP 4%
Renewable
Hydro
14%
Traditional Renewable
1,965
Coal/Lignite
38% 3%
15%
Natural Gas
12%
Imp.
Domestic
Import
29%
Domestic
Domestic
Oil
Imp.
Domestic
41%
32%
Import

23. RE Development Outlook by 2011 and 2020
Power Generation
Facilitator
Target 3,238 MW
Existing 1,841 MW
Power Generation
Incentive 1% 1%
Target
4,580 MW
5% RPS MW
Feed-In Law 1,257 MW
- Biomass/Mini Hydro
MSW/Wind/PV
RPS/Feed In
R&D
Process Heat
Process Heat
Target
4,900 ktoe RE 3% RE 8% 4%
Target 3,910 ktoe
Existing 1,400 Ktoe RE
10% 4%
Bio-Fuel
Bio-Fuel
ปรับสี ให้ contrast หน่อย
Ethanol
Target ML/day
Existing 0.4 ML/day
Bio diesel
Targetl 4.6 ML/day
Existing 0.3 ML/day
Ethanol
Target ML/day
Bio diesel 3% 5%
2005
2011
2020

24. RE Power Generation Outlook
Renewable
Energy
Resources
Existing
As June2006
(MW)
Target in 2011
Target in 2020
1) Biomass
1,761.29*
2,800
3,620
2) MSW
4.25
100
130
3) Waste water/Manure
4.60 10 30
4) Photovoltaics
25.48 85
250
5) Wind
0.55 43
6) Mini/Micro Hydro
44.33
200
450
Total
1,840.50
3,238
4,580
* Bagasse 1,220 MW, Wood, Bark 385 MW, Rice husk 58 MW,
Other Agriculture waste 98 MW,

25. RE Process Heat Utilization Outlook
Renewable
Energy
Resources
Existing
As May 2006
(ktoe)
Target in 2011
Target in 2020
1) Biomass
1,400
3,660
4,645
2) Biogas 40
200
245
3)Solar Thermal
>1 5 10
Total
1,440
3,910
4,900
Bio-Fuel Utilization Outlook
Renewable
Energy
Resources
Existing
As May 2006
(ML/day)
Target in 2011
Target in 2020
1) Ethanol
0.4
3.0
12.0
2) Bio-Diesel
0.3
4.6
Total
0.7
7.6
24.0

26. R&D for Future RE ..Road Map
AEBF 2006
Asean Energy Business Forum
Meetings – Conference - Exhibition
R&D for Future RE ..Road Map
New Energy Technology
Nuclear
Fuel Cell
/ Hydrogen
Synthetic gas/Bio-fuel,
Low cost PV
Conventional Energy Technology
MSW/Wind /PV/ Energy Storage
This is a brief outline of the introduction for the paper.
In the presentation this will be shortened to key messages for better clarity of the slide
Biomass /Biogas /Mini & micro hydro/ Bio-Fuel
Was mich wundert sind die 28 . Wir hatten dieses Thema schon des öfteren.
Welche Zahl gilt denn nun ?
EU3 Kalibrierung stimmt nicht, da wir die Kalibrierung geändert haben.
Besser wäre EU3 Hardwarestand
erledigt
2005
2011
2020
2030

27. Energy Efficiency

28. Energy Efficiency Target in 2005-2011
NEW CHALLENGE : Energy Elasticity
1 : : 1 in 2011
’2004 saving 6,350 MBTH/year
’2008 saving 30,000 MBTH/year
’2011 saving 75,000 MBTH/year
Short term
Long term
แผนระยะยาว
Acc. saving ‘2005–‘2008
66,000 MBTH
Normal case
1 :1
1 : 1
Acc. saving ‘2008–‘2011
243,000 MBTH
0.85 :1
Challenge Case
0.6 :1
2011
2020
GDP Growth 5.7%

29. Efficiency Improvement in Industrial Sector
75,000 MTHB
Mil. Barrel
Energy Elasticity = Growth (Energy)
Growth (GDP)
30,000 MTHB EE
0.85 : 1 EE
0.9 : 1
Previous target (set in ’03) EE from 1.2 : 1  1 : 1
New Challenge  : 1
Tools
Strategies
1. Tax incentive
2. Investment support (BOI)
3. Soft loan
4. Cooperative effort for energy conservation
5. Standard, criteria for energy use
Cooperate with private sector and integrate with other organizations
Direct stimulation to
Biz/Industrial sector on
Energy Eff. management
2. Adaptation to appropriate
Technologies

30. Incentive strategy to industrial/commercial
Promote of financial institute scheme
2. Expanding by private sector
2. การขยายผลโดยภาคเอกชน
phase 1
‘03 – ‘05
phase 2
’06 – ‘07
Success of C.P. Group
phase 3
’08 – ‘11
saving 1,000 MBTH
11,600
1,550
> 15,000
DEDE : knowledge
& consult team
Other Private sector
2,000
2,000
550 employee in organize
Fund (MBTH)
financial institute
3. Information& Knowledge
( Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy )
7,700 sub-company
indirect
Knowledge
Center
80%
Operate by private
direct
20%
Saving 15-30%
Incentive by public

31. Technology transfer Technology Promotion Non-Metal food Chemical
Process Improvement
and Equipment Change
Motor/Compressor
Boiler/Burner/
Furnace
Chiller/Thermal Storage
Fuel Switching/CHP
Industrial Specific Process
Non-Metal
food
Chemical
Textile
Metal
Building
Technology
Promotion
Save Cost (MBTH)
2551
2554
Well known
confidence
3,200
4,500
Proved
Tax Incentive
8,300
11,700
High risk
(investment,Technology )
- subsidy 10-20%
- Tax Incentive
4,600
Total
14,700
20,800
Past operating
Industrial&Building
(Number)
> 9,000
Saving
(MBaht)
13,000

32. Soft Loan Revolving Fund Financial institutes support
To promote and push investment in EE projects to increase the confidence of financial institutes in lending for EE projects
MLR ≤ 4% per year
Financial institutes support

33. Tax Incentive กรมพัฒนาพลังงานทดแทนและอนุรักษ์พลังงาน
Tax Incentive for energy conversation (pilot)
Concept
Provide special tax from treatment of purchase of EE equipment to industry (Performance base)
Criteria & condition
Pilot tax incentive (saving base) 100%
Incentive supporting industry with proven energy reduction to claim the cost up to 2 MBTH
Eligibility
industry/building must be energy
conservation
กรมพัฒนาพลังงานทดแทนและอนุรักษ์พลังงาน

34. resident : Target saved 10%
Residential Sector
resident : Target saved 10%
MBarrel
14,000 MBTH
Keep behavior
- Home : account
- work
- expanding to resident
18,500
MBTH
1.Awareness
Reduced transport
year
1.Standard :
equipment/house
appliance
Material
Building code
2.Household
energy label
Renewable Energy
1. Incentive market
2. Tax incentive
producer
consumer
High efficiency instrument
: Refri./glass/wall
2. Incentive produced
3. Soft loan
Save energy house
Save energy house

35. Awareness energy conservation
development and management energy in resident
ชุมชน(แห่ง)
resident
Reconstructed & Improved technique in RE
Saved cost > 15 % (750,000 Baht/year/residence)
876 Energy resident (660MBTH/year)
Concept
Awareness & Study
participle
experience
technology
knowledge
Other
resident
Result
Save cost of energy
Technology training
Confidence of energy in resident
expanding
Technical training
Monitoring
/Assessment
process
Survey
Strategy/policy
Analysis
problem/potential

36. Energy saving in 2003-2005 transportation : saving 6% or
8.5 MBarrel or 17,000 MBTH
awareness to energy conservation
(save 6 M.liters/day)
Mass transportation 2 ways (600,000 persons/day)
Industry : saving 4% (5 MBarrel) ,13,000 MBTH
Cooperation with private sector
Revolving fund, low MRR
2,000 MTH
Tax incentive
public/resident : saving 3.5% (2.3 MBarrel) , 4,600 MBTH
awareness to energy conservation (continuous)
- energy conservation in household and
office
- energy management in resident
RE : 3% biomass sustains heavy fuel oil and electricity , 0.7% NGV and Gasohol sustains oil = MBarrel , 28,200 MBTH

37. Thank you
for your attention