1. “Thailand : Move on Biofuels ”
Better for people
Better for the world
ASEAN-India Workshop on Cooperation in Renewable Energy
05 – 06 November, 2012
Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi 1

2. Thailand Energy Situation
Total imported energy
Crude oil imported accounted for ~10% of Thailand 2011 GDP
Thailand
GDP
10 Trillion
baht
977 billion
baht
1.25 Trillion
baht
Thailand imported about
billion liter of crude oil annually
Imported value (Baht)
2009
623 billion baht
2010
754 billion baht
2011
977 billion baht
Source : Department of Energy Business

3. AEDP Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) (2012 -2021)
Target - 25% of RE in total energy consumption by 2021
Solar & Wind
Hydro power
Bioenergy
New energy
Biofuel
Total electricity target 9,201 MW
Total heat target 9,335 MW
Biofuel targets
Ethanol
Biodiesel
Advanced biofuel
9 ML/day
5.97 ML/day
25 ML/day

4. Thailand Ethanol Policies
Target
9 ML/day
Ethanol usage
~ 1.43 ML/day *
Ethanol
* : Data from department of energy business (August 2012)
Feedstock
1. Molasses (Sugar derivative)
Sugarcane plantation area
= ~ 1.26 million hectares
= ~ 12,750 sq.km
= ~ 5.18% arable land in Thailand
In 2011, 1.5 MT out of 4 MT of molasses were used to make 390 M.Liter of ethanol. The rest was used to make beverage and food seasoning as well as export.
2. Cassava
Cassava plantation area
= ~ 1.18 million hectares
= ~ 11,978 sq.km
= ~ 4.87% arable land in Thailand
In 2011, 0.6 MT out of 23MT of cassava were used to make 108 M.Liter of ethanol. About 65% of cassava were exported and about 30% were for local consumption

5. Ethanol Uses and Export
Ethanol usage
Source : department of energy business
*Jan-Aug 2012
Ethanol export
Thailand export ethanol to
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Japan
*Jan-Sep 2012

6. Thailand Cassava Production and Export
World cassava production
Thailand cassava export
Thailand is 4Th biggest cassava producer
Source: FAO (2011)
Out of global cassava produced, only 9.1 % is traded internationally
Thailand is NUMBER 1 cassava exporter
Ethanol usage started to pick up in 2008
Apart from 2008 with drought and flood problems, Thailand continue to export relatively stable cassava products.
Price increases following the global market
Source: Office of Agricultural economics

7. NO Pressure from biofuel production to plant more feedstock
Ethanol Feedstock Land Usage
54% Molasses produced
Ethanol
9 ML/day
3,285 ML/yr
2 MT Molasses
492 ML
16.43 MT Cassava
2,793 ML
57% Cassava produced
With expected increase in yield, without increase in planation area, Thailand will be able to meet feedstock demand and have some to spare.
NO Pressure from biofuel production to plant more feedstock
Expected molasses output in 2021 is 4.2MT and expected cassava output in 2021 is 35 MT
Source - Ministry of Agricultural and cooperation

8. Thailand Biodiesel Policies
Target
5.97 ML/day
biodiesel usage
~ 1.95 ML/day *
Diesel
* : Data from department of energy business (August 2012)
Oil palm
In Thailand, only certain are suitable for oil palm, such as area in the southern and eastern part of Thailand.
Oil palm plantation area = ~ 0.65 million hectares
= ~ 6,560 sq.km
= ~ 2.72% arable land in Thailand
In 2011
49%
22%
Oil palm plantation in Thailand
Source : Department of Internal Trade of Thailand, Ministry of Commerce

9. Biodiesel Feedstock – Palm Oil Prediction
CPO = 0.91MT/year
(3.71 ML/day B100)
5% biodiesel (B5)
(2.65 ML/day B100)
(0.65 MT/year of CPO)
By 2017, oil palm plantation will increase to 0.8 million hectares
(3.35% of total arable land in Thailand)
Source: Office of Agricultural economics
Thailand will have more CPO leftover for advance biofuel production

10. Biofuel Possible Feedstock NOT A PROBLEM FOR THAILAND
1st generation and Edible
Cassava, sugar cane and Molasses
Palm oil
1st generation and Inedible
Sweet Sorghum
Jatropha
2nd generation
Cellulosic
Biomass
3rd generation
Algae
Food vs. Fuel ?
NOT A PROBLEM FOR THAILAND
Research level
Research level
Research level

11. Biofuel Research and Development
R & D
Biofuel to replace petroleum diesel
To develop 2nd and 3rd generation of Biodiesel
Jatropha
Algae
To use ethanol instead
Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE)
ED95 (Ethanol Diesel)
Diesohol
Advance process
Bio-Hydrogenated diesel (BHD)
Biomass to liquid (BTL)
Biofuel to replace petroleum gasoline
To develop 2nd generation of ethanol
Cellulosic ethanol
Sweet Sorghum

12. Thailand - “Food comes first”
Domestic consumption and people well-being is Thailand’s First priority
Biofuel
Reduce imported oil
Improve people’s lives
Better environment

13. Biofuel
Better for people
Better for the world
Thank you