1. Biology 10/2/13 Mrs. Turgeon DO NOW : In your notes: Fill in the blanks regarding a Biologist’s levels of organization: 1.____________ 2.Bio molecule 3. ____________ 4. Cell

2. Biology 10/2/13 Mrs. Turgeon AGENDA 1.Make a class list: Rules of a good graph 2. Discuss Bee article in groups

3. Nutrition & Energy Flow Chapter 2, Section 2

4. How are these items related to one another in an ecosystem?

5. How Organisms Obtain Energy The Sun is the ultimate source of energy for life.

6. Producers Photosynthetic Autotrophs –Use light energy to make glucose

7. Consumers Heterotrophs –Herbivores = feed only on plants –Carnivores = eat other heterotrophs –Scavengers = eat dead animals –Omnivores = eat both animal and plant materials –Decomposers = break down and release nutrient from dead organisms

8. Flow of Matter and Energy in Ecosystems Models to show how energy moves in one direction through an ecosystem –Food Chains –Food Webs –Ecological Pyramids

9. Food Chain Arrows show transfer of energy (…is eaten by) Ex: berries  mice  rattle snake –A portion of energy is given off as heat at each transfer –Amount of energy in final transfer is only a fraction of what was at the first transfer Only 10% of energy is transferred between each level

10. Trophic Levels = Each organism represents a feeding step in the movement of energy

11. Food Web Shows all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community

12. Ecological Pyramids Base always represents 1 st trophic level Higher trophic levels are layered on top of one another

13. Pyramid of Energy = Energy decreases with each trophic level moving up –Total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is only about 10%

14. Pyramid of Biomass = Less living material as you move up trophic levels

15. Cycles in Nature Matter moves through the trophic levels of an ecosystem. Energy can be lost through heat; Matter is not gained or lost, it is recycled. Ex: Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Phosphorous Cycle

16. Water Cycle Water present 3 billion years ago is still present today It’s been recycled between land, ocean and atmosphere –Evaporation (water gas) – Condensation (clouds) – Precipitation (rain)

18. The Carbon Cycle Putting Carbon in the Ground: Plants use CO 2 to create carbon compounds (sugar) for growth and energy Consumers eat plants and/or other animals to get carbon compounds for growth and energy Plants and animals die, carbon is returned to the ground where fossil fuels can form Putting Carbon in the Atmosphere: CO 2 gets released during cell respiration CO 2 released when burning fossil fuels

20. The Nitrogen Cycle See figure 2.19 on page 56

21. The Phosphorous Cycle See figure 2.20 on page 57

22. Practice Why is a pyramid a good shape to represent how matter and energy transfer in an ecosystem? Why not use a circle or a square?

23. According to the Law of Conservation, matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Make a relationship between this statement and the recycling of carbon in an ecosystem. (Hint: All life on this planet is carbon based. What happens to a tree that dies & falls in a forest? Who benefits from the dead tree?)