1. Wired and Wireless Networks Chapter 12

2. Topics General Characteristics for: –Carrier, Speed, Frequency, Transmission type, and Topology Factor that affect: –Range and speed –The appropriate tool for the job

3. Before You Install You need a clear picture of: –The current network configuration –How the network behaves –Look at: Configuration files Error logs Current Operating Systems You also need to understand the equipment you are installing

4. Standard Operating Procedures The company policy typically cover everything from sick-day accrual to how the computer systems are used. There may be policies regarding: –Internet access –Printing –Storage allocation –E-mail usage –User administration

5. Naming Conventions Include: –Servers –Printers –User accounts –Group accounts –Test and service accounts

6. Protocol Standards Choice of protocols vary: –IPX/SPX –TCP/IP Your primary choice will be TCP/IP

7. Workstation Configuration A narrow scope will help in setup and troubleshooting. Fewer images to deal with. Also consider your equipment. –Too many different brands and models also create problems Standardize: –CPU –Amount of RAM –Hard Drive size –NIC –Monitors

8. Environmental Issues Power –Over age –Underage –Quality ESD EMI RFI Climate

9. Error Messages and Log Files Event Viewer in Vista

10. Event Viewer Win2003

11. Current Configuration and Baselines Microsoft offers the MBSA tool –Microsoft Baseline Security Anylizer –Can be downloaded from Microsoft at: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/tools/mbsa2/default.mspx http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/tools/mbsa2/default.mspx –Read the Documentation

12. Wireless Agencies and Standards

13. Regulations Because WLANs transmit over radio frequencies, they’re regulated by the same types of laws used to govern things like AM/FM radios. The FCC has released three unlicensed bands for public use: 900MHz, 2.4GHz, and 5GHz.

14. Unlicensed Frequencies

15. Wireless LAN standards IEEE 802.11a IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11g IEEE 802.11n IEEE 802.11ac

16. Types of Wireless signals Infrared Networking Bluetooth Networking 802.11 802.11a54Mbps5GHz 802.11b11Mbps2.4GHz 802.11g11 and 54Mbps 802.11n600Mbps2.4 & 5GHz 802.11ac1Gbps(by 2015)

17. 802.11

18. 802.11 (cont.)

19. 2.4 GHz band Channels 1, 6, and 11 are non- overlapping

20. 802.11a UNII 5GHz band has 12 non- overlapping channels (U.S.).

21. 802.11n 802.11n builds on previous 802.11 standards by adding Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), which employs multiple transmitters and receiver antennas to increase data throughput. 802. 11n can have up to eight antennas, but most of today’s access points use four.

22. Compare Standards

23. Wireless Antenna Characteristics ModelGain Indoor Range at 1Mbps Indoor Range at 11Mbps Outdoor Range at 2Mbps Outdoor Range at 11Mbps AIR-ANT2410Y-R10dBi800ft 230ftNot Specified AIR-ANT17285.2dBi497ft142ftNot Specified AIR-ANT49412.2dBi350ft130ftNot Specified AIR-ANT25065.2dBiNot Specified 5000ft1580ft AIR-ANT2412012dBiNot Specified 24,288ft7392ft

24. Wireless Network Installation Factors to consider: –Wireless LAN standards –Installation type –Signal degradation (Site Survey)

25. Wireless LAN Modulation Techniques DSSS –Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum FHSS –Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum OFDM –Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Defined on pages 387-388

26. Wireless Networking Two main devices: –WAP –Wireless NIC

27. Installation Type Two different modes –Ad-Hoc –Infrastructure

28. Ad-Hoc Mode Two computers connected via wireless connections. Less than 90 – 100 m

29. Infrastructure Mode Requires a WAP

30. Infrastructure Mode Requires: –SSID –Security settings Mac filtering SSID Broadcast Encryption War Driving Signal Degradation –Distance –Walls –Protocols used –Interference

31. Configuration WAP NIC –You can use Windows built in wireless configurations or –Software specific that come with your device

32. Security types include:

33. Workstation Configuration Windows NT – 2012 NetWare UNIX/Linux Macintosh

34. Copper Wire Network Installation Tools Wire Crimps Media Tester Punchdown tools

35. Media Testing Tools Wire Map Testers –Wire map testers detect transposed wires, opens (broken or unconnected wires), and shorts (wires or pins improperly connected to each other)—all problems that can render a cable run inoperable. –Enables installers, contractors and maintenance technicians to map, test and troubleshoot data and voice communication cable and coax runs.

36. Continuity Testers Like a wire map tester, a continuity tester consists of two separate units that you connect to each end of the cable to be tested. In many cases, the two units can snap together for storage and easy testing of patch cables.

37. Tone Generators This type of device consists of one unit that you connect to a cable with a standard jack, or to an individual wire with alligator clips. This unit transmits a signal over the cable or wire. The other unit is a pen like probe that emits an audible tone when touched to the other end of the cable or wire or even to its insulating sheath.

38. Optical Loss Test Set

39. Multifunction Cable Testers Most of these units perform the basic tests called for by the most commonly used standards— such as wire mapping, length, attenuation, and NEXT for copper cables—and optical power and signal loss for fiber-optic.

40. Punchdown Tool Essentially the tool punches down the wire into some kind of insulation displacement connector (IDC). IDCs make contact by cutting through, or displacing, the insulation around a single conductor inside a twisted-pair cable.

41. Summary Exam Essentials Written Lab Review Questions