1. Safavids, Mughals, and Ottomans AP WORLD HISTORY

2. SAFAVID EMPIRE Length- 1501-1722 Geography- Iran

3. Rise of Safavids Origins in a long established Sufi order Sufis were Muslims who tried to connect with God through experiences such as dance, music, prayer, poetry, meditation, and fasting

4. Key Safavid People Isma’il Shah Abbas I

5. Society/ Religion/ Government Integration of Turk- speaking followers with Native Iranians Considerable development in arts Islam Theocracy Trade

6. Decline of Safavid Empire Shah Abbas left incompetent rulers Excessive taxes Poor care of state lands Decline of trade Weakening of military Religious persecution

8. MUGHAL EMPIRE Length- founded in 1526 ending in 1858 Geography- covered most of Indian subcontinent

9. Rise of the Mughals Founded by Babur Used superior artillery Defeated a far larger army near Delhi

10. Key Mughal People Babur Akbar Shah Jahan Aurangzeb Shah Jahan

12. Society/Religion/Government Flourishing of arts/culture Islam Bureaucracy Trade

13. Decline of the Mughal Empire Central state weakened Patchwork of independent states

14. OTTOMAN EMPIRE Length- late 13 th c. until dismantled in early 20 th c. Geography- extending from Balkans to Middle East and Northern Africa

15. Rise of Ottomans Byzantine Empire shrinks Seljuk Turks sultanate destroyed Rise of ghazis- Osman

16. KEY OTTOMANS (or enemies) Osman Mehmet II Tamerlane Suleiman I

17. Society/Religion/Government Social Structure Islam Autocracy- Sultans Trade- flourished/declined Military- strong, helped spread religion

18. “Sultanate of the Women” Period after Murad IV’s death Experiencing military unrest, succession issues Mothers of young sultans exercised power in the name of their sons

19. Decline of the Ottomans Suleiman’s killing spree Sultan’s decrease of interest in maintaining justice Wars with Europe Population increase Refusal to modernize/industrialize Corruption