1. MUTATIONS

2. Mutations Can be beneficial, harmful, neutral Primary source of genetic variation

3. Environmental Causes of Mutations X-rays UV rays Chemicals

4. DNA has repair mechanisms to minimize mutations

5. Mutated Genes and their products

6. Changes in Chromosome Structure

7. Changes in Chromosome Number

8. Karyotypes show changes in Chromosome # Down syndrome is a learning disability where chromosome 21 is duplicated 3 times. Cri Du Chat is a cat cry where chromosome 5 is not lined up Klinefelter Syndrome is where sperm is barely produced and the chromosome is not lined up. Turner syndrome is where the woman is not grown all the way, it is caused by a missing chromosome.

9. Sickle Cell and Natural Selection

10. Pedigree Autosomal Dominant

11. PEDIGREES: Autosomal recessive

12. Pedigree X linked Recessiv e

13. X linked Dominant

14. Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Achondroplasia Huntington’s Disease Hutchinson-Guilford progeria

15. Autosomal Recessive Albinism Tay-Sach’s Disease

16. Genetic Screening Newborn screening Pre-pregnancy Pre-Natal Pre-implantation