1. Human Inheritance Chapter 14 sec. 1 and 2

2. Pedigree Analysis Pedigree = a family record that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations

3. Pedigrees Pattern of inheritance = use phenotype to determine possible genotype of family patterns Carrier = carries recessive allele but does not show phenotype

4. Genetic Traits and Disorders Genetic disorders = disease or condition that is due to genetic alterations

5. Single Allele Traits Are controlled by one allele of a gene More than 200 human traits

6. Huntington’s Disease Dominant allele Humans in 30 or 40’s show forgetfulness, irritability, muscle spasms, severe mental illness

7. Cystic Fibrosis Single recessive trait

8. Multiple Allele traits 3 or more alleles Blood types (ABO)

9. Polygenic traits 2 or more genes Skin color = 3-6 genes (amount of melanin) Eye color = little melanin (blue) more (brown) Allows for degree of variation

10. X-linked traits Colorblindness = recessive x linked (8% of males)

11. X linked traits Hemophilia = recessive x linked (males) Blood doesn’t clot

12. Nondisjunction Disorders Monosomy= 45 chromosomes (missing one) Trisomy = 47 chromosome (extra one)

13. Down Syndrome Extra chromosome on 21 st pair (trisomy-21)

14. Klinefelter’s Syndrome Males with extra X (XXY) Mental retardation, female characteristics, and infertile

15. Turner’s Syndrome Single X sex chromosome (XO) Female appearance, infertile

16. Detecting Disorders Genetic screening = karyotype Genetic counseling

17. In Fetus Amnocentesis Chronic villi sampling