1. Chapter 5 Margin Review Questions

2. What different answers to the problem of disorder arose in classical China?
Warring States Period
Legalism-Humans are stupid and the state needs to act in the best interest of society. Laws are strict and punitive
Confucianism-Social harmony would be restore if the government provided a sound moral example
Daoism-get back to nature-really an attempt to limit government and return to localized authority

3. How did the Daoist outlook differ form that of Confucianism?
Emphasis on education and moral improvement useless
Focus on nature/patterns rather than human relationships

4. Ordinary life is an illusion Karma and rebirth Overcome ego Meditation
In What ways did Buddhism reflect Hindu traditions and in what ways did it challenge them?
Ordinary life is an illusion
Karma and rebirth
Overcome ego
Meditation
Release from the cycle of rebirth
Challenge-rejection of religious authority of Brahmins
Gods
Rejection of caste system

5. What is the difference between Theravada and Mahayana expressions of Buddhism?
Theravada-Championed by Monks and nuns-withdrew from society-more psychological than religious
Mahayana-Help was need to reach enlightenment-more community based-gods/heaven and hell-offers salvation-transforms Buddhism to popular belief system

6. What aspect of Zoroastrianism and Judaism subsequently found a place in Christianity and Islam?
God and an evil counterpart/last judgment/resurrected bodies/defeat of evil by savior/remaking of the World
Singular God/separate from nature/engaged in social justice/moral righteousness

7. What was distinctive of the Jewish religious traditions?
Single god-Yahweh
Contract with God
Created World
Interacted with humans
Element of social justice

8. Jesus-Poor working family/small town-Buddha elite/city
How would you compare the lives and teachings of Jesus and the Buddha? In what different ways did the two religions evolve after the death of their founders?
Jesus-Poor working family/small town-Buddha elite/city
Both spiritual seekers/mystics/personally experienced another level of reality
Teachers
Call for personal transformation
Jesus-ties with supernatural entity-Buddha-ignored supernatural

9. Public life-Jesus three years/Buddha forty years
Neither planned to found a new religion
Messages emerge after death
Transformed to god like status after death
Christianity becomes exclusive religion/Buddhism-no
Issue of interpretation major in Christianity/minor in Buddhism

10. In what ways was Christianity transformed in the five centuries following the death of Jesus?
Jesus becomes divine
Jewish sect to major world religion
Begins at the bottom of Roman society and is latter accepted by the ruling class
Polytheism is banned in Rome
Hierarchical organization
Seeks unity, but did not happen