1. Education: An Ecology The Joy of Social Theory

2. Theory: Who cares? Theories allow us to account for facts, explain relationships, make predictions, and plan. The educational world is complex. We need a theory that helps navigate the complexity.

3. Why System/Ecological Theory? Old Paradigm: Reductionism 1. This involves breaking things down into their component parts. 2. Little emphasis on how one thing relates to another. 3. Although useful and important, you miss some crucial things

4. What is a System? An arrangement of parts that interact This interaction makes systems complex Complexity is where the action is

5. Characteristics of systems Systems have boundaries, but most systems are open They resist change Changes in a system produce unintended consequences Emergent Properties (New things) Great cliché: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts

6. Examples of systems Systems are everywhere. Almost anything you can think of has systemic properties Kittens, people, universes, classrooms, schools, societies, etc.

7. What you’re missing The Big Picture. Events: Past, Present and Future. Relationships. This is all about understanding Context.

8. Thinking systemically Complex problems that involve helping many actors see the big picture. Recurring problems that have been made worse by past attempts to fix them, Problems that affect many things Problems whose solutions are non- obvious

9. School as a system The school consists of a lot of systems. The school exists within the larger systems of community and society. Communities and Societies are also systems. Schools simultaneously affect and are affected by these other systems.

10. Education as a System Education is one of the major social institutions in our society (family, government, economy, and religion are the others. Education affects and is affected by all of these systems. It is also affected by the culture of this society (more on culture later)