1. 1 12345678910 123456789 0 Logarithmic scale Linear scale A logarithmic scale compresses large values and allows a large range to be covered without losing resolution for the smaller values.

3. 40 Av db Linear scale Frequency in Hz (log scale) 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1Meg 10Meg Cutoff Frequencies -3dB 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 AvMid 20 db per decade rolloff

4. 4 10 Hz100 Hz1 kHz10 kHz100 kHz 50 dB 40 dB 30 dB 20 dB 10 dB 0 dB Ideal Bode plot of a dc amplifier with two break frequencies. 20 dB/decade 40 dB/decade f b1 f b2

5. 5 R C Amplitude response of RC lag circuit 0 dB -20 dB -40 dB -60 dB 10f 2 f2f2 100f 2 1000f 2 f 2 =  RC 1 f2f2 f ( )  1+ 1 A V =

6. 6 0 o 0.1f 2 f2f2 10f 2 Angular response of RC lag circuit -90 o -45 o R C f2f2 f  = -arctan Phase angle is between 0 and 90 degrees

7. Angle(Av) degrees Frequency in Hz (log scale) 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1Meg 10Meg Cutoff Frequencies -3dB (f2) 90 45 0 -45 -90 Change at -45degrees/decade