1.  1804- he decided to make himself Emperor, which the French supported.  took the crown from the pope and placed it on his own head-act of arrogance showed he was more powerful than the Church

2.  Sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. in 1803 for $15 million. Helped finance his operations in Europe.  By 1812, the only major European countries free from Napoleon’s control were Britain, the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, & Sweden

3.  Josephine did not produce a son (an heir), so he divorced her & married Marie Louise (an Austrian princess).  She produced a son- Napoleon II Josephine Marie Louise

4. 1. Continental system- blockade set up to hurt Britain, hurt France in the end which weakened its economies 2. Peninsular War- Napoleon kicked the Spanish king out of Portugal & put his brother in charge, fighting happens, 300,000 French troops died 3. Invasion of Russia- Russia refused to stop selling grain to Britain. Napoleon invaded Russia & his troops were defeated, starving, & freezing by the end (Russia used scorched-earth policy— burning & destroying everything so it can’t be used)

5.  1813- Battle of Leipzig— Napoleon’s army defeated  1814- Napoleon gave up his throne & was exiled to the island of Elba  Louis XVI’s brother took over in France—Louis XVIII (unpopular king, French peasants feared he would undo revolution reforms)  Napoleon escaped from Elba & took control in 1815  At the Battle of Waterloo— Napoleon’s army finally defeated & he was exiled to St. Helena (lived for 6 years until dying, possibly from cancer) Louis XVIII Napoleon at St. Helena

6.  Series of meetings to establish order & stability after Napoleon’s reign in Europe  Prince Metternich- “leader” of the meetings. Had 3 goals:  Wanted to prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries  Restore a balance of power, so that no country would be a threat to others  Wanted to restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones they had held before Napoleon took over *Concert of Europe- assured that nations would help one another if revolution broke out.