2. Publication of Proceedings: Journal Format Review Talks 8pp Invited Talks 5pp Contributed Talks 3pp Poster Talks 1p Instructions and Latex Templates will be available from Conference website Due Date: 30 Nov, 2005 Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 First - A Reminder

3. 15 Review, 35 Invited, 5 Contributed, 12 Poster Talks 2 Days - Nearby universe 2 Days - Distant Universe The first Workshop to focus of “Extreme” Starbursts Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, China 14-21 August, 2005 Workshop Summary: Questions & Discussion

4. NGC 7714: “star-burst nucleus” Weedman et al. 1981, ApJ, 248, 105 –compact burst: ~10 M o /yr, R<<1 kpc IRAS, HST… infrared-luminous, ultraluminous galaxies SFRs ~ 10-1000 M o /yr, R = 0.1-1 kpc uniquely identified with gas-rich galaxy mergers ISO Infrared spectra show decisively that LIRGs, ULIRGs are powered by combination of starbursts, AGNs Spitzer, GALEX, SCUBA Full spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of starbursts cosmic evolution of starbursts “unification” of IR-selected vs UV-selected primeval galaxies Rob Kennicutt - opening review

5. …, but what is “extreme” … Original definition focused on “high” and “compact” but why not “low”, “extended”, etc. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, China 14-21 August, 2005

6. The Starburst Bestiary…. GEHRs SSCs HII galaxies ELGs CNELGs W-R galaxies BCGs BCDs LIGs, LIRGs ULIGs, ULIRGs LUVGs, UVLGs nuclear starbursts circumnuclear starbursts clumpy irregular galaxies Ly-  galaxies E+A galaxies K+A galaxies LBGs DRGs EROs SCUBA galaxies Rob Kennicutt - opening review All of these objects were mentioned at some point during this meeting.

7. SCUBA sources LBGs BCDs Rob Kennicutt - opening review Concentration vs. Total SFR for a variety of galaxy types.

8. Questions for Discussion: 1.The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES) 2.Which are the most robust measures of ES 3.Have >50% of stars formed in ES 4.How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth 5.Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ? 6. Agree on next meeting …. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

9. Questions for Discussion: 1.The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES) Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 The meeting organizers originally assumed we were talking about objects with … 1.L ir > 10 11 L sun in d < 100pc and/or 2.global SFR > 200 M sun /yr Should we relax the above a bit to include, for example, any region within a galaxy where the star-formation Surface density  sfr > 10 M sun /yr/kpc 2 ??

10. Gao et al. Mirabel et al. Hibbard et al. Ponman et al. Log (L IR /L sun ) = 11.01 Int. Class = 3 The Antennae galaxy pair was discussed often at this meeting, It has a prominent off-nuclear region of bright IR emission powered by a large population of deeply embedded young star clusters. But is this off-nuclear IR region really powerful enough, by our definition, to be an ES region ?

11. UGC 83038 = Mrk 231 Log (L IR /L sun ) = 12..53 Int. Class = 4 Sanders et al. Hutchings & Neff Scoville et al. Surace et al Mrk231 clearly meets the definition of an ES, as do all ULIGs. However, the nuclear power source in this object is clearly a mixture of ES AND a powerful AGN.

12. Nuclear Molecular Gas Concentrations @ r < 700 pc General Results for ULIGs M nuc /M tot = 40 – 100 % M nuc = 1 – 3 x 10 10 M sun   (H 2 )  ~ 0.65 – 2 x 10 10 M sun  n (H 2 )  spherical ~ 130 – 400 cm -3 => ff nuc ~ 1 ( for a population of W3-like GMCs )  N (H 2 )  spherical ~ 10 23.2 – 23.7 cm -2 OVRO Interferometer Bryant, Scoville et al. 1993-9 The large column densities of gas and dust in the circumnuclear regions of ALL ULIGs implies that any source of luminosity, whether it be an ES or a powerful AGN, will very likely be heavily obscured; We will need to develop better diagnostic measures to separate the two.

13. Questions for Discussion: 2. Which are the most robust measures of ES Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Some of the measures used/discussed at this meeting: 1. SED Templates ? 2. Optical / IR Spectra ? 3. FIR + molecular gas luminosities and/or ratios?

14. Radio-to-UV SEDs of IRAS Selected Galaxies “Infrared Galaxies”  ( f ) IR / ( f ) opt > 1 638 Galaxies: f ( (60  m) > 5 Jy 118 ULIGs: f ( (60  m) > 1 Jy

15. Summary Optical Spectral Classification of LIGs+ULIGs Veilleux, Kim & Sanders (1998)KPNO 4m + UH 2.2m

16. L IR /L HCN L IR /L CO L HCN L CO

17. Questions for Discussion: 3. Have >50% of stars formed in ES Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Based upon the extremely strong evolution already seen in the most luminous 170  m sources detected in ISOPHOT deep fields, AND in the most luminous 24  m sources detected in the CDFS …. The answer seems to be … YES …

18. Galaxy Luminosity Functions Z=0.40 Z=0.80 Z=0.13 Z=0.045 Z ~2.4 slope= -1 High-luminosity 170  m sources detected in ISOPHOT deep fields suggest that the high-luminosity tail of the galaxy luminosity function evolves strongly with redshift -- by ~x1000 at log(L ir /L sun )~12.5. Assuming little or no evolution in the low-luminosity LF, galaxies with log(L ir /L sun ) > 11.0 may produce the bulk of the luminosity in the Universe at z =1.5-3 !!

19. The “Star Formation Rate” versus Redshift

20. Questions for Discussion: 4. How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 Many AGN show signs of strong nuclear starbursts Many starbursts show signs of strong AGN Both seem to be most strongly coupled/manifested in ULIGs

21. NIR-AO Imaging of a Complete Sample of 38 PGQSOs Olivier Guyon, PhD Thesis, 2002 Raw (H-band) -psf - Gemini-N 8m The SEDs of Optical QSO exhibit a moderately strong “IR-bump” In addition to the well-known optical/UV “big blue bump”. The IR Bump plausibly represents reprocessed QSO emission via dust reradiation In a circumnuclear dust torus and/or disk + absorption and reradiation of Emission from young stars formed in the disk. AO images of QSOs now clearly show that many (perhaps the majority !) of QSOs contain prominent disk components, and mm-observations indicate the presence of large quantities of gas and dust.

22. Warped Disk Model Sanders, Phinney et al. (1989)

23. “SFR + MBH” versus Redshift

24. Questions for Discussion: 5. Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ? Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

25. NGC 4594 8  m Rob Kennicutt - Spitzer/SINGS Spitzer revels gas/dust structure not seen in the optical -- but will the resolution be sufficient to proble the compact ES regions in, e.g., ULIGs ??

26. Rob Kennicutt - Spitzer/SINGS Spitzer/IRS is producing high S/N spectra in the mid-IR, but will the lack of far-IR coverage compromise our ability to fully probe the energetics of ES ??

27. Questions for Discussion: 6. Agree on next meeting location …. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005 “Level 1” Requirement: Must have Yaks

28. RECAP: Questions for Discussion: 1.The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES) 2.Which are the most robust measures of ES 3.Have >50% of stars formed in ES 4.How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth 5.Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ? 6. Agree on next meeting …. Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005